Organisms and Populations Test - 34

• $${Nepenthes}$$ is both a primary producer and consumer.
• It can photosynthesize which makes it a primary producer. 
• It grows in nitrogen-deficient soils and hence feeds on insects for nitrogen, which makes it a carnivore.

The biotic components of a living environment are independent. Predation is an interaction where a predator (an organism that is hunting)  attacks its prey (the organism that is attacked) and harms to retrieve energy from the prey. Parasitism is a non-mutual symbiotic relationship between species, where one species, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host. Symbiosis is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. Scavenging is the process of feeding on the other dead animal. 

Parasitism is the mode of association in which one organism is benefited and another one is harmed. So one organism is benefited at the cost of another. 

An ecological niche is the role and position a species has in its environment; how it meets its needs for food and shelter, how it survives, and how it reproduces. A species niche includes all of its interactions with the biotic and abiotic factors of its environment

Population density is defined as the number of people per unit area. Bangladesh is a small country with the smaller land area and more population. Therefore the population density is more. The population density of Bangladesh is 1266 per kilometre square. 

• Mortality is the relative frequency of deaths in a specific population. 
• Infant mortality rate refers to the number of children that die before the age of five years as a proportion to $$1000$$ live births in that particular year.

• Natality or birth rate is the rate of production of new individuals per unit of population per unit of time through birth, hatching, germination, and vegetative propagation. 
• If the natality rate increases the mortality rate the population rapidly increases.
• Natality (birth rate) is calculated as the number of births per thousand individuals per year.

Increasing population is a challenging issue for the developing country like India. If the population increases more than its carrying capacity it may lead to food crisis resulting in famines, hunger and poor health, acute shortage of shelter and clothing. Spreading awareness among the people about the ill-effects of increasing population may be helpful to control the over increasing population. 

The formula of exponential growth is dNdt=rNdNdt=rN where dNdtdNdt is the rate of change in population size, r is the biotic potential and N is the population size. Hence option C is correct.

A population is a unit of biotic community made up of near permanent group of an interbreeding individual of a species found in a space or geographical area at a particular time. It is called local population or deme. Increasing population is a challenging issue for the developing country like India. If the population increases more than its carrying capacity it may lead to food crisis resulting in famines, hunger and poor health, acute shortage of shelter and clothing. Spreading awareness among the people about the ill-effects of increasing population may be helpful to control the over increasing population. So, the correct answer is option D.