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Ecosystem Test - 24

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Ecosystem Test - 24
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The pyramid that cannot be inverted in a stable ecosystem, is pyramid of
    Solution
    Pyramid of energy is ecological pyramid, that represents the flow of energy from one trophic level to the next a lot of wastage occurs in metabolism and energy transfer. Maximum energy content is present in producers and least at top carnivore levels. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    On the global basis, the maximum productivity is shown by
    Solution
    Productivity is the rate of accumulation of energy containing organic matter by an ecosystem per unit area per unit time. 
    It is of 2 types, primary productivity (productivity of autotrophs) and secondary productivity (productivity of consumers). 
    Maximum primary productivity occurs in coral reefs and estuaries, followed by sugarcane fields and tropical forests. 
    Moderate productivity occurs in agricultural crops and temperate forests. 
    Low productivity is found in grassland.
    Very low productivity is present in deserts and arctic regions. 
    In oceans and other aquatic ecosystems, productivity is limited by light as it decreases with depth. But on a global basis, aquatic ecosystems occupy more space on earth than any other biome and have good productivity in surface layers, which are euphotic. Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    The number of individuals at the trophic level decreases from the producer level to the consumer level in
    Solution
    Pyramid of energy is a graphic representation of flow of energy in different trophic levels. It is always upright because only 10% of energy transferred from one trophic level to another. The energy level is maximum at the organisms occupying the base of the energy pyramid i.e., the producers and they are the most numerous organisms, while the consumers occupying the higher levels have less energy. As energy content keeps on decreasing so the number of organisms also decrease, at higher levels.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following statement for pyramid of energy is incorrect, whereas the remaining three are correct?
    Solution
    Pyramid of energy is an ecological pyramid, that gives a graphic representation of the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
    It is always upright because during transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next, 90% of energy is lost in feeding, digestion, assimilation, respiration and other metabolic reactions. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Maximum biomass and variable organisms are found in 
    Solution
    Ponds are generally shallower with depth less than 2 meters. Hence, the pond has good light penetration, which in turn leads to more photosynthesis and increased biomass and consequently rich diversity of organisms. Therefore, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The pyramid of number in grassland ecosystem is
    Solution
    • An ecological pyramid is a graphical representation of each trophic level in a given ecosystem. 
    • The pyramid of numbers is a graphical representation of the number of organisms in a food chain in a particular ecosystem. 
    • In a grassland ecosystem, the producers which are grasses are the maximum and are followed by the primary consumers-herbivores. The secondary consumers-snakes, lizards lesser in number and the final consumers the hawks and other birds are least in number. 
    • Therefore, the grassland pyramid is always upright and erect.

    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Inverted pyramid is found in
    Solution
    Pyramid of biomass represents the amount of biomass at the various trophic levels. Pyramid of biomass is upright, except in aquatic food chain involving short-lived planktons when biomass at any given one time will be less than consumers at the higher level.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    When the number of organisms at successive levels are plotted, then this pyramid is called the pyramid of _______.
    Solution
    • A pyramid of numbers is a graphical representation of the number of organisms per unit area at each trophic level. 
    • It is generally upright as the maximum number of individuals occur at the producer level. 
    • Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    In a food chain, the total amount of living material is depicted by ?
    Solution
    • The pyramid of biomass is an ecological pyramid, which represents the biomass at various trophic levels.
    • It represents the living material produced at each level from the food obtained from the previous level. 
    • It is upright except for the aquatic food chain, which involves planktons.
    So, the correct answer is 'Pyramid of biomass'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The total energy fixed by a gram plant (Cicer arietinum) in an ecosystem as a whole is called
    Solution
    • Primary productivity is the amount of energy or biomass accumulation in green plants per unit area per unit time.
    • It depends upon the availability of solar radiations, optimum temperature, soil moisture, and biogenetic nutrients. 
    • Gross primary productivity is the total organic matter synthesized by the producers (gram in this case) in the process of photosynthesis. 
    • Secondary productivity is the rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers. 
    • There is no term as tertiary productivity in ecology.

    Hence, total energy fixed by a gram plant (producer) in an ecosystem will be called gross production.
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