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Ecosystem Test - 32

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Ecosystem Test - 32
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The productivity of all the autotrophs including green plants, protists and bacteria is called as
    Solution
    Primary productivity is the amount of energy captured by primary producers during photosynthesis on a square meter of land each year. Autotrophic organisms are often primary producers in their ecosystems. They acquire their useful free energy from sources other than food: either from the energy of sunlight (photoautotrophs) or from oxidative chemical reactions (chemoautotrophs). Autotrophic organisms (chemosynthetic and photosynthetic bacteria, algae, and plants) are primary producers.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    When ecological succession begins, the dominating species are:
    Solution
    Ecological succession is the process of gradual change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. Pioneer species are the species which are first to colonize at an area and begin a chain of ecological succession that ultimately leads to a more biodiverse steady-state ecosystem. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    In any given ecosystem, number of individuals in a species remains more or less constant over a period of time. This constancy of number is maintained by
    Solution
    The number of biotic component of an ecosystem is maintained constant in a closed ecosystem. The closed ecosystem remains in a static phase. In any closed ecosystem at equilibrium, all the energy of net production must be used up by consumers and decomposers in order for the system to have a balanced energy budget. Such an idealized system can be thought of as being saturated with individual organisms, because all available energy is used and no more organisms could be supported. 
    However, predators, by reducing densities of organisms at lower trophic levels, can prevent their prey populations from reaching otherwise maximal stable densities and thereby effectively preclude true saturation within that lower trophic level. If this is the case, only top predator populations reach complete saturation. Real ecological systems are almost never truly closed; rather, they usually both receive materials and energy from other systems and lose them to others.
    So, the correct answer is option E.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Stable plant community formed during succession is called as
    Solution
    Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. The community begins with relatively few pioneer plants and animals and gradually develops stable or self-perpetuating species as a climax community.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The rate of formation of new organic matter by rabbit in a grassland,
    is called as
    Solution
    The rate at which consumers like rabbit in a grassland convert the chemical energy of their food into their own biomass is called secondary productivity. The efficiency at which energy is transferred from one trophic level to another is called ecological efficiency. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Earliest settlers on barren lands or the 'farmers of nature' are
    Solution
    Lichens are pioneer in succession in a new terrain and colonise bare rocks. They are the pioneers of plant kingdom. Since they are able to establish themselves on bare rocks and initiate formation of soil, they are called "farmers of nature".
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The final stable community in ecological succession is termed as
    Solution
    This final, stable community is called as climax community because, unlike communities earlier on in the successional process, it doesn’t change much in composition from year to year succession has reached its climax. Hence, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    In plant succession, last community is called as
    Solution
    Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. The community begins with relatively few pioneer plants and animals and gradually develops stable or self-perpetuating species as a climax community.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    All the interacting organisms in an area together with the .................... constituents of the environment form an ............. .
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The storage of energy at consumer level is known as
    Solution
    Secondary productivity is the rate of energy storage at consumer levels herbivores, carnivores and decomposers. Consumers utilise already produced food materials in their respiration and also converts the food matter to different tissues by an overall process. 
    Gross primary productivity refers to the total rate of photosynthesis including the organic matter used up in respiration during the measurement period. 
    Net primary productivity refers to the rate of storage of organic matter in plant tissues in excess of the respiratory utilisation by plants during the measurement period. 
    Net productivity refers to the rate of storage of organic matter not used by the heterotrophs or consumers, i.e., equivalent to net primary production minus consumption by the heterotrophs during the unit period, as a season or year etc.
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