Human Reproduction Test - 9

At puberty, menstrual cycle begins in girls. The beginning of menstrual cycle is called menarche. It starts at the age of about 12 to 13 years in girls.

The period between fertilisation of ovum till the birth of will developed baby is called gestation period. It is about 10 months in human female.

Relaxin is produced by corpus leteum and is responsible for the inhibition of uterine contraction. It also helps in dilation of the cervix. This hormone is produced only during pregnancy.

Transfer of male gametes (sperm) into female genital tract occurs during sexual intercourse that may leads to fertilisation of ovum for pregnancy. Sexual intercourse is called as coition or coitus.

The release of ovum from ovary during menstrual cycle is is called ovulation. Ovulation occurs in the middle of menstrual cycle that is on 14-16th day of start of menstrual cycle.

Fertilisation of egg in human female takes place in oviduct or fallopian tube at the junction of ampullar-isthamus. Fertilized egg travels towards the uterus after that.

In female, menstrual cycle stops at about 50 years of age. This is called menopause. It is controlled by hormone released by ovum.

Menstrual cycle is controlled by two hormones estrogen and progesterone. Level of estrogen hormone increase sharply during ovulation and progesterone level increase during secretory phase.

Menstrual cycle is divided into three phases menstruation phase, follicular phase or proliferative phase and luteal phase or secretory phase.

Endometrium is the inner lining of uterus which disintegrates and regenerates again and again during menstrual cycle.