Reproductive Health Test - 11

Male sterility is mainly due to less number of sperm count or sperms motility is very less to fertile the ovum. The first case is called oligospermia and second case is called azoospermia. Tubal infertility is present in female.

Ovum is released from ovary in the middle of menstrual cycle. The ovum remains viable for 2 days. If insemination occurs in this period, there is a chance of pregnancy. After two days ovum disintegrate.

Fertilisation outside the followed by embryo transfer is called test-tube. The zygote or early embryo up to 8 blastomere could transferred into fallopian tube is called zygote intra fallopian transfer (ZIFT).

Cryptorchidism is a condition in which testis do not descend into scrotal sac. Formation of sperms inside the testis require 2-3 degree less temperature than body temperature.

First test-tube baby was born in July,1978 named Louise Brown. Test tube baby programme involve in vitro fertilisation of ovum and transplanting it in fallopian tube or uterus.

Sometimes egg of female and sperm of male are able to produce but fallopian tube is either blocked or uterus is not capable of implantation. In this case, ovum collected from female and sperm collected from male is fertilized and transferred to another female called surrogate mother for further development.

Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection is a specialized procedure to form embryo in laboratory in which a sperm is directly injected into ovum for fertilisation to form zygote.

ZIFT- Zygote intra fallopian transfer is part of test tube baby programme in which in vitro fertilized zygote in transferred to fallopian tube for implantation and further growth of foetus.

In test tube baby programme, sperms and ovum are fertilized in laboratory condition to form zygote. If embryo is transferred up to 8 blastomeres, it is called ZIFT. If embryo having more than 8 blastomeres, it is transferred to uterus called IUT.

Some infertile females are not able to produce ovum or egg but can provide suitable medium for fertilisation and further development of embryo. In such females gamete intra fallopian transfer technique is used to conceive.