Reproductive Health Test - 56

• Trichomonas vaginalis is an anaerobic protozoan parasite. It causes trichomoniasis. It is a sexually transmitted infection. 
• Symptoms include inflammation, itching, and soreness around the vaginal area, changes in vaginal discharge like profuse, yellowish to greenish, frothy discharge. 
• A strong unpleasant smell also comes from the vaginal discharge. The treatment generally includes antibiotics.

Treponema pallidum causes syphilis (hard chancre). Human alpha herpesvirus causes herpes progenitalis. Chancroid (soft chancre) is a sexually transmitted disease caused by bacterium Haemophilus ducreyi. In this infection, ulcers appear over the external genitalia which is painful and bleeding with swelling of nearby lymph nodes. It is a highly contagious but curable disease. Neisseria species causes meningitis and gonorrhea.

• In vitro fertilization or IVF is an assisted reproductive technology. The procedure involves fertilizing the egg outside the body of the female. The eggs and sperms are collected and fused under laboratory conditions.
• The zygote or embryo up to the 8 celled stage is later on transferred into the fallopian tube. If the embryo has more than 8 blastomeres than transferred to the uterus for further development. This technique is done in case of fertility disorders in males or females. 

Chlamydiosis or Chlamydia infection is the most commonly sexually transmitted disease and affects the human genital organs. This is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Gonorrhea or gonococcal urethritis, is a sexually transmitted infection found in men and is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae and this infection do not show much difference from that caused by Chlamydia trachomatis in men. 

Copper ions released by copper releasing intra uterine devices suppress sperm motility. These devices are inserted by doctors in the uterus through vagina.

The oral contraceptive pills mostly contain a combination of hormones such as progesterone and estrogen. These hormones prevent pregnancy in females by inhibiting ovulation. Thus, the work of progesterone present in oral contraceptive pills is to inhibit ovulation or to prevent the release of ova or egg from the ovaries. So, the correct answer is 'To inhibit ovulation'.

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) such as in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) has been essential in the treatment of infertility. The world's first IVF-ET baby was born in 1978 based on the technique developed by Dr. Robert Edwards and Dr. Patrick Steptoe. IVF-ET is a procedure used to achieve pregnancy that consists of extracting oocytes from an infertile woman, fertilizing them in vitro, and transferring fertilized eggs into the patient's uterine cavity.

GIFT stands for Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer. It is a technique in which the male and female germ cells required to begin formation of a human embryo are injected into a woman's fallopian tubes of the female for fertilization. This technique is one of the methods doctors use to overcome infertility, the inability of couples to produce offspring on their own. Hence, option C is correct answer.