Reproductive Health Test - 62

The action plans were undertaken with a view for controlling the number and reproductive health of the people in the family. In India, the family planning program was undertaken in the year 1951 which focused on maintenance of the health of the children and women.

There are different enzymes which are present in the HIV for carrying out the processes during the life cycle of the virus in the host cells. The enzyme reverse transcriptase is required for reverse transcription of viral RNA to DNA which can be inserted into the host DNA with the help of the enzyme integrase. The enzyme protease is required to cleave the polypeptides which are required for the assembly of the virion particles. 

The yam plant Dioscorea contains steroidal saponin called as Yamogenin. It is used as an oral contraceptive. It is used to make a progesterone-like compound for preparing birth control pills. Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

• Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term is called medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or induced abortion. MTPs are considered relatively safe during the first trimester, i.e., upto 12 weeks of pregnancy. 
• Generally, chances of conception are nil until the mother breast-feeds the infant up to 6 months. 
  
• Copper-T (intrauterine device) is an effective contraceptive. $$Cu^{++}$$ ions released by it suppress sperm motility and the fertilizing capacity of the sperms.
• Contraceptive pills have to be taken daily for 21 days starting within the first five days of the menstrual cycle. After a gap of 7 days, it has to be repeated. Emergency contraceptive pills can be taken within 72 hours of unprotected copulation to prevent pregnancy.

Thus, the correct statements are A and C.

A. ET- In vitro fertilization is a method in which fertilization of male gamete (spermatozoon) and female gamete (ovum) outside the body in almost similar conditions as that in the body followed by zygote or embryo transfer(ET).

B. IUI-The technique is used in those females where the husband either is unable to inseminate or has a very low sperm count. In such cases, the semen of the husband or donor male is first collected and then is artificially introduced either into the vagina or into the uterus(intrauterine insemination or IUI) of the female.

C. IUT- After IVF, the embryo with more than 8 blastomeres is transferred into the uterus called intrauterine transfer or IUT.

D. GIFT- Gamete intrafallopian transfer method is used in females who cannot produce ova but can provide a suitable environment for fertilization and further development of the embryo in the oviducts. In such cases, the ovum from the donor female is surgically removed and is then introduced into the fallopian tube of such females.

So, the correct answer is 'IUI'.

TESE stands for testicular sperm extraction. It is a surgical biopsy of the tissue from the testis to obtain viable sperms, further these sperms are fused with the egg using ICSI or intra cytoplasmic sperm injection. MESA is Microsurgical Epididymal sperm aspiration, retrieval of the sperm using microsurgical techniques in males with obstructive Azoospermia

IMR & MMR refer to the infant mortality rate & the maternal mortality rate respectively. While the BMR is the is the basal metabolic rate, which is the rate of energy expenditure by the body . In early marriage, since the age of the female partner is low, IMR and MMR is high

Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) is a group of special techniques which helps infertile couple by retrieving oocytes from the ovary or the sperms from the epididymis , then perform artificial insemination and development of embryo . The 4 main types of techniques used under ART are GIFT or Gamete intrafallopian transfer, ZIFT or Zygote intra-fallopian transfer, IVF-ET or In vitro fertilization ad embryo transfer & AIT or Artificial insemination technique. In ART two terms are used In vitro(means outside the system) and In vivo (means inside the system ) . Since there is no term like extra fallopian transfer . 

IVF is a technique of fertilisation done outside the mother's body . These fertilised zygotes (2 or 4) at 4-8 celled stage are placed in the fallopian tube of the mother by process of Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT). Excess fertilised eggs are cryopreserved for use in case of implantation failure