Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 101

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the following enzyme creates a homonucleotide overhang at the $$3'$$-OH end of the DNA? It can also make blunt ends sticky by adding poly AA and poly TT.

A
Terminal Transferase

B
Methylase

C
Alkaline phosphatase

D
DNA Pol III
Solution
- Blunt ends of the end are the simple ends of DNA which are non cohesive, the blunt ends terminate in a base pair so they can't be further extended.
- While Terminal transferase are non template enzymes which catalyze the reaction of addition of nucleotide at the 3' prime end of the DNA polymer.
- They are also used in the PCR technique to add Adenine and Thymine to the overhang of the DNA strand to create a sticky end so that a circular DNA can be formed.
- Adenine and thymine form a base pair and that is why they are used to create sticky ends by the enzyme
- Therefore the answer option A is correct.
Question 2
1 / -0

On an average how many purine N2 bases are present in single coil of DNA

A
4

B
5

C
10

D
Uncertain

Solution

By Chargaff's Rule, we know that in a DNA,
Purine = Pyrimidines
and talking about the DNA - most common B-DNA consist of 10 base pairs per turn of the helix which explains that 5 Purines and 5 Pyrimidines will be present per coil of a DNA.
So, the correct answer to the question is '5'.
Question 3
1 / -0

If DNA was made of $$6$$ nucleotides instead of $$4$$, what are the total number of triplet codons possible?

A
$$24$$

B
$$18$$

C
$$64$$

D
$$216$$

Solution

If DNA made of 4 nucleotide, then due triplet nature of codon .
No. of triplet codon possible = 4³ $$\rightarrow$$ 4x4x4 $$\rightarrow$$ 64
Out of 64 codon, 61 code for 20 amino acids and 3 codon are stop codon.
If DNA made of 6 nucleotide -
No. of triplet codon possible = 6³ $$\rightarrow$$ 6x6x6 $$\rightarrow$$ 216
So, the correct answer is ' 216 '
Question 4
1 / -0

DNA strands are anti parallel because of

A
H-bonds

B
Phosphodiester bonds

C
Disulphide bonds

D
Peptide bonds

Solution

DNA is double stranded, and the strands are antiparallel because they run in opposite directions. Each DNA molecule has two strands of nucleotides. Each strand has a sugar-phosphate backbone, but the orientation of the sugar molecule is opposite in the two strands. Thus the main reason of this antiparallel nature of the DNA is the presence of a phosphodiester bond that links the phosphate group to the hydroxyl group of the sugar molecule (present in alternate directions on either strand).

So, the correct option is 'phosphodiester bonds'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Choose the incorrect statement regarding DNA structure.

A
Base stacking destabilise DNA double helical structure.

B
Each chain in DNA constitute sugar-phosphate backbone

C
Two chains are coiled in right handed fashion

D
The pitch of the helix has roughly 10 bp.

Solution

Each chain in DNA constitute sugar-phosphate backbone, Two chains are coiled in right-handed fashion in case of B-DNA and the pitch of the helix has roughly 10 bp in it. However, apart from it the base stacking interactions between the nitrogenous bases of the DNA help to stabilize the double helix structure.

So, the correct option is 'Base stacking destabilize DNA double helical structure'.
Question 6
1 / -0

DNA molecule having $$N^{15}$$ isotope in both strands is cultured in $$N^{14}$$ containing medium. After two generations how many DNA molecules are hybrid DNA?

A
$$2$$

B
$$3$$

C
$$1$$

D
$$4$$

Solution

The double-stranded structure of DNA provides a simple mechanism for DNA replication. Here, the two strands are separated and then each strand's complementary DNA sequence is recreated by an enzyme called DNA polymerase. This enzyme makes the complementary strand by finding the correct base through complementary base pairing, and bonding it onto the original strand. Meselson and Stahl use isotopes in the sources of nitrogen present in the culture medium in their experiment as nitrogen is a major constituent of DNA. Moreover is by far the most abundant isotope of nitrogen, and DNA with the heavier isotope is also functional. E.coli can be grown for several generations in a medium with ease. In this type of replication, one strand of parent is new and one strand is old. It means, one strand of daughter duplex is derived from the parent, while the other strand is formed new. In this way two DNA molecules formed are hybrid DNA.
So the correct option is '2'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Find the odd one out

A
Transcription

B
Transduction

C
Translocation

D
Mutation
Solution
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
- Transcription is defined as the process of formation of mRNA from DNA template. It is the copying of genetic message coded in DNA into mRNA molecule. The transcribed RNA moves out of the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
- Transduction is the transfer of genetic material from a virus into a bacterium so as to infect it.
- Translocation is the process in which enzyme translocase shifts ribosome on mRNA by one codon, so that the tRNA at A-site carrying the dipeptide, moves to P-site.
- Mutation is a sudden change in the DNA sequence that alters the gene.
Hence, transcription is the odd one out as it is not a part of protein synthesis.
Question 8
1 / -0

Following events occur during interphase find out missing event.

A
DNA replication

B
Centromere split

C
Quiescent stage

D
Chromosome number double
Question 9
1 / -0

The whole genome of Escherichia coli having $$4.6\times 10^6$$ bp will be replaced in?

A
$$2$$ minutes

B
One hour

C
$$40$$ minutes

D
$$38$$ minutes
Question 10
1 / -0

Join properly Column-I and Column-II.
Column I Column II
(A) UUU $$(1)$$ Lysin
(B) GGC $$(2)$$ Stop codon
(C) AAA $$(3)$$ Phenyl Alanine
(D) UAA $$(4)$$ Glycine

A
a-$$2$$, b-$$3$$, c-$$4$$, d-$$1$$

B
a-$$4$$, b-$$3$$, c-$$1$$, d-$$2$$

C
a-$$1$$, b-$$4$$, c-$$3$$, d-$$2$$

D
a-$$3$$, b-$$4$$, c-$$1$$, d-$$2$$

Solution

There are 20 amino acids, which have the triplet codons are code for the process translation UUU codes for phenylalanine, GGC codes for glycine. AAA codes for lysin and UAA is known as stop codon.

Hence, the correct answer is option D.

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Column I	Column II
(A) UUU	$$(1)$$ Lysin
(B) GGC	$$(2)$$ Stop codon
(C) AAA	$$(3)$$ Phenyl Alanine
(D) UAA	$$(4)$$ Glycine

Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 101

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 101

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Terminal Transferase

Methylase

Alkaline phosphatase

DNA Pol III

Solution

Question 2

4

5

10

Uncertain

Solution

Question 3

$$24$$

$$18$$

$$64$$

$$216$$

Solution

Question 4

H-bonds

Phosphodiester bonds

Disulphide bonds

Peptide bonds

Solution

Question 5

Base stacking destabilise DNA double helical structure.

Each chain in DNA constitute sugar-phosphate backbone

Two chains are coiled in right handed fashion

The pitch of the helix has roughly 10 bp.

Solution

Question 6

$$2$$

$$3$$

$$1$$

$$4$$

Solution

Question 7

Transcription

Transduction

Translocation

Mutation

Solution

Question 8

DNA replication

Centromere split

Quiescent stage

Chromosome number double

Question 9

$$2$$ minutes

One hour

$$40$$ minutes

$$38$$ minutes

Question 10

a-$$2$$, b-$$3$$, c-$$4$$, d-$$1$$

a-$$4$$, b-$$3$$, c-$$1$$, d-$$2$$

a-$$1$$, b-$$4$$, c-$$3$$, d-$$2$$

a-$$3$$, b-$$4$$, c-$$1$$, d-$$2$$

Solution

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