Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 52

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the following DNA sequence codes for the tRNA anticodon GAU?

A
GUA

B
GAT

C
CTA

D
CAU

E
UAC

Solution

If the tRNA anticodon is GAU, then the mRNA codon will be CUA. The DNA non-sense strand will code for GAT. The sense strand of DNA will be the sequence coding CTA.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 2
1 / -0

In a DNA molecule distance between two bases is

A
$$2nm/20\overset{o}{A}$$

B
$$0.2nm/2\overset{o}{A}$$

C
$$3.4nm/34\overset{o}{A}$$

D
$$0.34nm/3.4\overset{o}{A}$$

Solution

According to Watson and Crick model of DNA, the DNA molecule is made up of two helical DNA chains that are wound around the same axis. The hydrophilic backbones of alternating sugar and phosphate groups are present on the outside of the double helix facing the surrounding water. The nitrogenous bases, purine and pyrimidine are stacked inside the double helix. Each nucleotide base of one strand is paired in the same plane with a base of the other strand. Since, one complete turn of the double helix is 3.4 nm long and each of which has 10 base pairs, the distance between two consecutive base pairs should be 3.4/10 = 0.34 nm.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 3
1 / -0

Nitrogenous base present in DNA are
(a) Thymine
(b) Cytosine
(c) Adenine
(d) Guanine

A
a, b, c

B
a, c, d

C
b, c, d

D
all

Solution

Nitrogen base present in DNA are Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and Cytosine. But in RNA Uracil replaces the thymine.
Question 4
1 / -0

Human Genome Project (HGP) is closely associated with the rapid development of a new area in biology called as

A
Biotechnology

B
Bioinformatics

C
Biogeography

D
Bioscience

Solution

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops and improves on methods for storing, retrieving, organizing and analyzing biological data. A major activity in bioinformatics is to develop software tools to generate useful biological knowledge. This was proved helpful during HUGO, gene nomenclature committee.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which one of the following codes for an amino acid?

A
Cistron

B
Exon

C
Codon

D
Intron

Solution

Exon is a part of gene that will become a part of final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing.
Cistron is the smallest unit of genetic material that must be intact to function as a transmitter of genetic information.
A codon is a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid (or stop signal) during protein synthesis.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
Question 6
1 / -0

The helicase enzyme breaks
I. Covalent bonds
II. Hydrogen bonds
III. Ionic bonds

A
II only

B
I and II

C
I and III

D
II and III

E
I, II and III

Solution

Helicase is the enzyme that binds to DNA and remodels the nucleic acid i.e DNA. During DNA replication, the double helix unwinds as the preliminary step. The unwinding of DNA strand is catalysed by helicase enzyme. DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for the ongoing of the replication process, which was initiated by RNA primer. It breaks the hydrogen bonds between the nucleotides and thus helps in unzipping the DNA strands. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 7
1 / -0

Choose the correct mRNA sequence for the given DNA sequence.
5'- AGTTCG- 3'

A
3'-TCUUGC-5'

B
5'-UCAACG-3'

C
5'-AGTTCG-3'

D
5'-TCAACG-3'

E
3'-UCAAGC-5'
Solution
- According to complementary base pairing, adenine makes two hydrogen bonds with thymine and guanine makes three hydrogen bonds with cytosine.
- RNA has uracil in place of thymine, so adenine pairs with uracil in RNA.
- So, the mRNA sequence of the DNA sequence 5'-AGTTCG-3' would be 3'-UCAAGC-5'
5'-AGTTCG-3'
3'-UCAAGC-5'
Thus, the correct answer is option E.
Question 8
1 / -0

Which of the following is characterized by the tightly coiled, condensed form of DNA that is not transcribed?

A
Promoter

B
Enhancer

C
Operator

D
Euchromatin

E
Heterochromatin

Solution

The promoter is a cis-acting site present physically continuous with transcription unit and provides a binding site for RNA polymerase enzyme. Enhancers are the upstream activation site present within promoter and interact with protein other than RNA polymerase thereby regulating the activity of the promoter. The operator is a DNA sequence present between the promoter region and the first coding gene. The main difference between a euchromatin and heterochromatin region lies in their DNA content; euchromatin is loosely packed DNA with higher gene concentration as compare to heterochromatin which is tightly packed and has less gene concentration, thus less DNA content. Being compactly packed with lesser DNA content, heterochromatin is not transcribed. Thus, the correct answer is option E.
Question 9
1 / -0

The DNA sequences that codes for the polypeptide glutamine, lysine, histidine is

A
CAG AAA CAU

B
ACT CCC ACG

C
GUC UUU GUA

D
GTC TTT GTA

E
None of the above

Solution

Amino acid glutamine is encoded by CAA and CAG, lysine is encoded by AAA and AAG while histidine is encoded by CAU and CAC. The mRNA sequence for given polypeptide should be "CAA/CAG-AAA /AAG - CAU/CAC". The complementary DNA sequence is "GTT/GTC-TTT/TTC-GTA/GTG".
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 10
1 / -0

The given table shows the genetic code depicting the amino acids that correspond to mRNA codons. Each codon is read from $${3}^{\prime}$$ (first nucleotide) to $${5}^{\prime}$$ (third nucleotide). Find out the amino acid sequence that can be assembled from the mRNA associated with the given DNA strand.
DNA template strand: $${5}^{\prime} - GCG ACA TAC ACT - {3}^{\prime}$$

A
Ala - Cys - Met

B
Arg - Cys - Met

C
Ala - Thr - Tyr - Thr

D
Ala - Thr - Tyr - Trp

E
Arg - Thr - Tyr - Thr

Solution

The mRNA sequence from given DNA template strand would be 3' CGCUGUAUGUGA-5' and will code for Arg-Cys-Met. Genetic code CGC codes for arginine, UGU for cysteine and AUG codes for methionine. UGA is a stop codon and terminates the process of protein synthesis. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 52

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 52

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Question 1

GUA

GAT

CTA

CAU

UAC

Solution

Question 2

$$2nm/20\overset{o}{A}$$

$$0.2nm/2\overset{o}{A}$$

$$3.4nm/34\overset{o}{A}$$

$$0.34nm/3.4\overset{o}{A}$$

Solution

Question 3

a, b, c

a, c, d

b, c, d

all

Solution

Question 4

Biotechnology

Bioinformatics

Biogeography

Bioscience

Solution

Question 5

Cistron

Exon

Codon

Intron

Solution

Question 6

II only

I and II

I and III

II and III

I, II and III

Solution

Question 7

3'-TCUUGC-5'

5'-UCAACG-3'

5'-AGTTCG-3'

5'-TCAACG-3'

3'-UCAAGC-5'

Solution

Question 8

Promoter

Enhancer

Operator

Euchromatin

Heterochromatin

Solution

Question 9

CAG AAA CAU

ACT CCC ACG

GUC UUU GUA

GTC TTT GTA

None of the above

Solution

Question 10

Ala - Cys - Met

Arg - Cys - Met

Ala - Thr - Tyr - Thr

Ala - Thr - Tyr - Trp

Arg - Thr - Tyr - Thr

Solution

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