Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 55

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the following provides fund for the human genome project?

A
NIH

B
DOE

C
Both A and B

D
NIH, DOE and ELSI

Solution

The Human Genome Project was started by US department of energy and National Institute of Health and this was done for the sequencing of human genome.
It was approximately quoted to be around 9 billion US dollars.
So, the correct option is 'Both A and B'
Question 2
1 / -0

The gene for huntington disease is located on .......... chromosome.

A
2

B
4

C
19

D
21

Solution

Huntington is a genetic inherited disease that causes The breakdown of nerve cell in the brain it affects the intellectual thinking movement of the humans it is caused by a single defective gene on chromosome number 4 it is a dominant trait this disease usually develop shooting the age of 30 to 50 attack and also appear in early ages
So the correct option is '4'.
Question 3
1 / -0

The most detailed genetic map is

A
Cytogenetic

B
Linkage

C
Physical

D
Sequence
Question 4
1 / -0

Select the correct statement about human genome project.

A
1.6% of genome encodes protein sequences.

B
All nonprotein coding sequences in genome are junk DNA with no function.

C
Introns are the section of protein coding genes that encode amino acid sequence.

D
Human genome contains approximately 50,000 protein coding genes.

Solution

A- Less than 2% of the genome encodes proteins. Junk DNA is noncoding DNA which fails to offer instructions for making proteins. They are helpful in the control of gene activity. Introns fail to encode protein products, they are crucial in regulation of gene expression. Human genome contains approximately 20,000-25,000 protein coding genes.
So, the correct answer is '1.6% of genome encodes protein sequences.'
Question 5
1 / -0

The codon AUG has dual function. It is an initiation codon and also codes for

A
Formaldehyde

B
Methionine

C
Phenylalanine

D
Serine
Solution
- The first codon on mRNA is known as the initiation codon.
- AUG is the start codon of mRNA which codes for amino acid methionine in eukaryotes and modified fMet in prokaryotes.
- fMet is formylmethionine which is peculiar amino acid coded in prokaryotes. It is the first codon at which the translation of proteins begins, it is paired during the translation with the tRNA with anticodon UAC.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 6
1 / -0

The number of purines in a segment of DNA molecule is 68. What will be the number of pyrimdines in this segment ?

A
34

B
43

C
68

D
86

Solution

According to the Chargaff rule of base pairing, the DNA from any cell of an organism should have a 1:1 ratio of pyrimidine (thymine and cytosine) and purine (adenine and guanine) bases. It means that in DNA, the ratio of pairing between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine will always be equal. It also specifies that in DNA, the amount of guanine is equal to the cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to the thymine. So, if the number of purines in a segment of DNA is 68, the number of pyrimidines in the segment will be also 68.
Question 7
1 / -0

Initiation of DNA strand synthesis is performed by

A
DNA polymerase I

B
DNA Helicase

C
DNA Primase

D
DNA Topoisomerase

Solution

During DNA replication, the double helix unwinds as the preliminary step. The unwinding of DNA strand is catalyzed by helicase enzyme. Helicases move along the double-stranded DNA and separate the strands by breaking hydrogen bonds at the expense of energy from ATP. The single strands thus formed allow each strand to be copied. DNA unwinding by helicases creates topological stress in the helical DNA structure which is relieved by the action of topoisomerases.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 8
1 / -0

The enzyme which helps to cut one strand of DNA duplex to release tension of coiling of two strands is

A
DNA ligase

B
DNA polymerase - I

C
Topoisomerase

D
Helicase
Solution
- Topoisomerases are ubiquitously expressed enzymes that overcome topological problems in genomic DNA, which can result from DNA replication, transcription and repair.
- Positive supercoiling and tangles are resolved by topoisomerases by catalyzing the breaking of one or two strands of DNA.
- This will release the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex.
- Helicases move along the double-stranded DNA and separate the strands by breaking hydrogen bonds.
- DNA Ligase enzyme joins two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond like phosphodiester bond.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which codon is not an indicator of completion of protein synthesis?

A
UAG

B
AUG

C
UAA

D
UGA

Solution

The codons on m-RNA act as a template for protein synthesis. The start codon is the nucleotide triplet which in the front and initiates the translation while stop codon is present at the end and terminates the process of translation. AUG is a start codon while UAG, UAA and UGA is a stop codon.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 10
1 / -0

Suppose, Evolution on earth had occurred in such a way that there are 96 amino acids instead of 20. DNA has 12 different types of bases and DNA synthesis occurs in the same way as today. The minimum number of bases per DNA codon would be

A
12

B
8

C
2

D
3
Solution
Correct option: C
Explanation:
There are 4 nitrogen bases that are used for the formation of DNA and RNA. There are codons in the mRNA.
There are three nucleotides out of 4 bases are arranged in triplets (codons) which will encode for the amino acids.
There are 20 amino acids. So, 4$$^3$$= 64. There are 64 codons that code for 20 amino acids.
If there are 12 nitrogen bases that are used for the formation of DNA and RNA.
Then 12 bases need to be arranged in triplets (codons) which will encode for the 96 amino acids. So, 12$$^2$$= 144.
There are 144 codons that code for 96 amino acids from 2 bases in each codon.

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 55

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 55

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

NIH

DOE

Both A and B

NIH, DOE and ELSI

Solution

Question 2

2

4

19

21

Solution

Question 3

Cytogenetic

Linkage

Physical

Sequence

Question 4

1.6% of genome encodes protein sequences.

All nonprotein coding sequences in genome are junk DNA with no function.

Introns are the section of protein coding genes that encode amino acid sequence.

Human genome contains approximately 50,000 protein coding genes.

Solution

Question 5

Formaldehyde

Methionine

Phenylalanine

Serine

Solution

Question 6

34

43

68

86

Solution

Question 7

DNA polymerase I

DNA Helicase

DNA Primase

DNA Topoisomerase

Solution

Question 8

DNA ligase

DNA polymerase - I

Topoisomerase

Helicase

Solution

Question 9

UAG

AUG

UAA

UGA

Solution

Question 10

12

8

2

3

Solution

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