Evolution Test

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Evolution Test - 44

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the following statement provides the weakest supporting evidence for the idea that all organisms on earth share a common ancestral origin of life?

A
All cells on earth contain cytoplasm.

B
All cells on earth are capable of metabolizing glucose using the process of glycolysis.

C
The DNA of all cells on earth is composed of different combinations of the same 4 nucleotide bases.

D
All cells on earth use DNA as their genetic material.

Solution

All organisms do not metabolize glucose using the process of glycolysis. For example Sulphur bacteria, methanogenic bacteria
So, the correct answer is 'All cells on earth are capable of metabolizing glucose using the process of glycolysis'
Question 2
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In the year 2230, ten married, heterosexual pairs of space colonists settle an uninhabited planet. The population randomly mates for several generations. All of the original colonists could roll their tongues, and four were heterozygous for the trait.
Why is it unlikely for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to maintain initial allele frequencies for tongue rolling that existed in the original colonists' population?

A
Random mutations are more likely to occur in the environment of a new planet.

B
Inbreeding would occur, which has the same effect on a population as emigration.

C
Tongue rolling is an important survival trait that is likely to be selected for the environment of the new planet.

D
The population is so small that random chance will artificially alter the allele frequencies from generation to generation.

Solution

Hardy Weinberg equilibrium cannot be applied to small populations as a minor alteration in gene frequency would disturb or shift the equilibrium.
So, the correct answer is 'The population is so small that random chance will artificially alter the allele frequencies from generation to generation'
Question 3
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The finches that populate the Galapagos islands are genetically much more closely related to a species of ground finch found on the mainland in South America than they are to a species of finch found on the mainland in North America. This observation suggests that

A
The finches on the Galapagos islands have descended directly from the finches in South America.

B
The climatic environment on the Galapagos islands is more similar to the climatic environment in South America than North America.

C
The Galapagos islands were once physically connected to the continent of South America.

D
The finches on the Galapagos islands and the finches on the mainland of South America are experiencing convergent evolution.

Solution

Galapagos islands came in to existence as a result of volcanic eruptions, when they became inhabitable finches from Central and South America migrated to these islands followed by a process of allopatric speciation (Galapogos and S. America) and adaptive radiation (Galapagos)
So, the correct answer is 'The finches on the Galapagos islands have descended directly from the finches in South America'
Question 4
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The ancestor of all living things would be expected to have all of the following except a/an

A
Cell membrane

B
Cell wall

C
Endoplasmic reticulum

D
Ribosomes

Solution

All cellular organisms came into existence from the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA). This group contains Bacteria and Archea which are prokaryotes, which lack membrane bound cellular structures, like the Golgi, Endoplasmic Reticulum etc
So, the correct answer is 'Endoplasmic reticulum'
Question 5
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Which of the following experiments could provide evidence that all living things share a common genetic code?

A
Engineer a plant to express a desired trait using genes from its own genome.

B
Insert ATP produced in a bacterial cell into a mammalian cell.

C
Perform a bacterial transformation using a plasmid containing a Eukaryote gene.

D
Replace a hox gene of a vertebrate with a hox gene of an invertebrate.

Solution

Plasmids can be used as vectors to carry foreign DNA into a cell. Once inside the cell, the plasmid is copied by the host cell’s own DNA replication machinery. In the lab, plasmids are specifically designed so that the DNA they contain will be copied by bacteria. So, the correct answer is " perform a bacterial transformation using a plasmid containing a Eukaryotic gene".
Question 6
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Evolutionary biologists maintain that glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that evolved on earth prior to the divergence of life on planet Earth into different domains.
Which of the following statements best supports this hypothesis?

A
The process of glycolysis, with few molecular modifications, is used by all cells on the planet regardless of the domain to which they belong.

B
Glycolysis is the only metabolic pathway the does not use or require the presence of oxygen.

C
The process of glycolysis is used by all eukaryotic organisms from all Domains and Kingdoms.

D
The enzymes used in the process of glycolysis are found in the cytosol of cells rather than in a membrane-enclosed organelle.

Solution

Evolution of glycolysis. The first prokaryotic did not have access to a large supply of oxygen in the early Earth atmosphere, so they likely had to use glycolysis to create ATP. Without glycolysis living organisms would not have the ability to engage in fermentation or begin the process of Cellular Respiration
So, the correct answer is 'the process of glycolysis, with few molecular modifications, is used by cells on the planet regardless of the domain to which they belong'
Question 7
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Which of the following diagrams depicts adaptive radiation?

A

B

C

D

Solution

Adaptive radiation is formation of new species from an existing species so that the food resources and the habitat can be utilized to the maximum. This will result in sustaining of all the species/ reduce extinction due to competition for resources.
So, the correct answer is 'D'
Question 8
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Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the idea that all life on Earth evolved from a single common ancestor?

A
All life requires a constant input of energy from its environment

B
All organisms use the same molecules (DNA and RNA) to store and transmit hereditary information

C
All organisms reproduce

D
All organisms experience evolution at the individual level

Solution

DNA stores, copies and transmits the genetic information in a cell. The foremost job of DNA is to store information. the genetic material stores information needed by every living cell DNA is a nucleic acid made up of nucleotides joined into long strands or chains by covalent bonds.
So, the correct answer is "All organisms use the same molecules (DNA and RNA) to store and transmit hereditary information."
Question 9
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The Rh factor is a protein found on the surface of blood cells that is used in blood typing. The Rh+ allele codes for the surface protein and is dominant to the Rh- allele, which does not code for the protein.
If there were a change in the environment that greatly reduced the fitness of Rh- individuals, what would you expect to happen to the frequencies of the Rh+ and Rh- alleles?

A
No significant change in the allele frequencies is expected.

B
Rh- alleles will eventually be eliminated from population.

C
The Rh+ allele frequency will increase, while the Rh- frequency will decrease.

D
The Rh- allele frequency will increase, while the Rh+ allele frequency will decrease.

Solution

If the frequency of two alleles in a gene pool is 90% A and 10% a, what is the gene pool will slowly increase in frequency while recessive alleles will decrease. the Rh antigen on their red blood cells,
So, the correct answer is "The Rh+ allele frequency will increase, which the Rh- frequency will decrease."
Question 10
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Which of the following statements is true?

A
All modern species have arisen from previous forms, and continue to evolve.

B
Almost all modern species evolved from other modern species.

C
The original prokaryotic species that arose over 3 billion years ago are still existing today.

D
The total number of species on Earth is always increasing.

Solution

The formation of new species is from an preexisting species and all organisms have the tendency to continuously evolve
So, the correct answer is 'All modern species have arisen from previous forms, and continue to evolve'

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Evolution Test - 44

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Evolution Test - 44

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

All cells on earth contain cytoplasm.

All cells on earth are capable of metabolizing glucose using the process of glycolysis.

The DNA of all cells on earth is composed of different combinations of the same 4 nucleotide bases.

All cells on earth use DNA as their genetic material.

Solution

Question 2

Random mutations are more likely to occur in the environment of a new planet.

Inbreeding would occur, which has the same effect on a population as emigration.

Tongue rolling is an important survival trait that is likely to be selected for the environment of the new planet.

The population is so small that random chance will artificially alter the allele frequencies from generation to generation.

Solution

Question 3

The finches on the Galapagos islands have descended directly from the finches in South America.

The climatic environment on the Galapagos islands is more similar to the climatic environment in South America than North America.

The Galapagos islands were once physically connected to the continent of South America.

The finches on the Galapagos islands and the finches on the mainland of South America are experiencing convergent evolution.

Solution

Question 4

Cell membrane

Cell wall

Endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosomes

Solution

Question 5

Engineer a plant to express a desired trait using genes from its own genome.

Insert ATP produced in a bacterial cell into a mammalian cell.

Perform a bacterial transformation using a plasmid containing a Eukaryote gene.

Replace a hox gene of a vertebrate with a hox gene of an invertebrate.

Solution

Question 6

The process of glycolysis, with few molecular modifications, is used by all cells on the planet regardless of the domain to which they belong.

Glycolysis is the only metabolic pathway the does not use or require the presence of oxygen.

The process of glycolysis is used by all eukaryotic organisms from all Domains and Kingdoms.

The enzymes used in the process of glycolysis are found in the cytosol of cells rather than in a membrane-enclosed organelle.

Solution

Question 7

Solution

Question 8

All life requires a constant input of energy from its environment

All organisms use the same molecules (DNA and RNA) to store and transmit hereditary information

All organisms reproduce

All organisms experience evolution at the individual level

Solution

Question 9

No significant change in the allele frequencies is expected.

Rh- alleles will eventually be eliminated from population.

The Rh+ allele frequency will increase, while the Rh- frequency will decrease.

The Rh- allele frequency will increase, while the Rh+ allele frequency will decrease.

Solution

Question 10

All modern species have arisen from previous forms, and continue to evolve.

Almost all modern species evolved from other modern species.

The original prokaryotic species that arose over 3 billion years ago are still existing today.

The total number of species on Earth is always increasing.

Solution

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