Human Health and Disease Test

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Human Health and Disease Test - 14

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Tobacco smoke contains carbon monoxide, which

A
Reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood

B
Causes gastric ulcers

C
Raises blood pressure

D
Is carcinogenic

Solution

Tobacco smoke ha 2-6% CO.The inhaled concentration is 400 ppm.The gas combines with haemoglobin and forms an stable complex called carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb), thus reducing the concentration of haem bound oxygen.This causes oxygen deficiency in body.
So, the correct answer is 'Reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood'
Question 2
1 / -0

Oncogenes were discovered by

A
S.B. Prussiner

B
F.P. Rous

C
A. Fleming

D
J.M. Bishop and H.E. Varmus

Solution

An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, oncogenes were first discovered in certain retroviruses and were identified as cancer-causing agents in many animals. In the mid 1970s, the American microbiologists, John Michael Bishop and Harold Varmus tested the theory that healthy body cells contain dormant viral oncogenes that, when triggered, cause cancer.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D), 'J.M. Bishop and H.E. Vermus'.
Question 3
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Which of the following endoparasites of humans does show viviparity?

A
Trichinella spiralis

B
Ascaris lumbricoides

C
Ancylostoma duodenale

D
Enterobius vermicularis

Solution

Trichinella spiralis is a nematode parasite, occurring in rodents, pigs, horse, bears and humans, and is responsible for the disease trichinosis. It is sometimes referred to as the "pork worm" due to it being found commonly in undercooked pork products. Trichinella spiralis is the smallest known nematode parasite of humans. The males measure about 1.4 mm to 1.6 mm in length and the females are twice the size of the males. The body of the worm is more slender at the anterior then at the posterior end. In females the uterus is contained in the posterior portion of the worm and is filled with the developing eggs. The anterior end of the female contains hatching juveniles.
Question 4
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Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative agent HIV?

A
HIV is unenveloped retrovirus.

B
HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response.

C
HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single-stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcription.

D
HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcription.

Solution

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and interferes with the body's ability to fight infection.
The structure of the virus is such that it is enveloped with a viral envelope (consists of bilipid layer and proteins) inside which two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA molecules and two molecules of reverse transcriptase are present. The reverse transcriptase enzyme generates viral DNA inside the host by using viral RNA as template.
So, the correct answer is 'HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcription'.
Question 5
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Identify the wrong statement with reference to immunity.

A
When ready-made antibodies are directly given, it is called Passive immunity.

B
Active immunity is quick and gives full response.

C
Foetus receives some antibodies from mother, it is an example for passive immunity

D
When exposed to antigen (living or dead) antibodies are produced in the hosts body. It is called Active immunity.

Solution

Active immunity develops in an organism when exposed to a specific antigen, that is, the organism produces antibodies in response to a foreign antigen. However, the antibody production may not be quick but is long lasting.
So, the correct answer is 'Active immunity is quick and gives full response.'
Question 6
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Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease ?

A
Alzheimer's disease

B
Psoriasis

C
Vitiligo

D
Rheumatoid arthritis

Solution

Psoriasis, Vitiligo and Rheumatoid arthritis are autoimmune diseases. An illness that occurs when the body tissues are attacked by its own immune system is known as autoimmune disease. Alzheimer's is caused by brain cell death. It is a neurodegenerative disease. There is progressive brain cell death that happens over time. Thus the correct answer is option A.
Question 7
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Infection of Ascaris usually occurs by

A
Drinking water containing eggs of Ascaris

B
Eating imperfectly cooked port

C
Tse-tse fly

D
Mosquito bite

Solution

Infection of Ascaris (one species of roundworms) results in ascariasis. Ascariasis occurs when the eggs that have been excreted in human feces and ingestion of drinking water or consuming uncooked food contaminated by soil containing eggs of Ascaris.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 8
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In higher vertebrates, the immune system can distinguish self-cells and non-self. If the property is lost due to genetic abnormality and it attacks self-cells, then it leads to ?

A
Allergic response.

B
Graft rejection.

C
Auto-immune disease.

D
Active immunity.

Solution

Our body's immune system protects us from disease and infection. But if we have an autoimmune disease, our immune system attacks healthy cells in our body by mistake. Autoimmunity is the presence of self-reactive immune response (e.g., auto-antibodies, self-reactive T-cells), with or without damage or pathology resulting from it.
Question 9
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Select the correct statement with respect to diseases and immunisation.

A
If due to some reason B- and T-lymphocytes are damaged, the body will not produce antibodies against a pathogen.

B
Injection of dead / inactivated pathogens causes passive immunity.

C
Certain protozoans have been used to mass produce hepatitis B vaccine.

D
Injection of snake antivenom against snake bite is an example of active immunisation.

Solution

The immune response depends on B and T cells interacting with each other to provide an effective defence. T cells are the coordinators and they stimulate B cells to divide and secrete antibodies into the blood - these antibodies destroy on the antigenic pathogens and the T cells then seek out and kill any of the body's own cells.
Question 10
1 / -0

At which stage of HIV infection does usually show symptoms of AIDS?

A
With in 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person.

B
When the infected retrovirus enters host cells.

C
When HIV damages large number of helper T lymphocytes.

D
When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase.

Solution

Correct Option: C
Explanation:
In many patients, symptoms of HIV infection do not occur until stage 3 of the infection. HIV selectively destroys helper T-lymphocytes. It, therefore, causes symptoms of immunodeficiency due to a critically low number of helper T-lymphocytes.
Stage 3 is usually a period where the severity and frequency of these infections and neoplasms are directly related to the decline of CD4+ T cells or helper T-lymphocytes.
Thus, the correct answer is, 'When HIV damages a large number of helper T- Lymphocytes'.

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Human Health and Disease Test - 14

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Human Health and Disease Test - 14

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood

Causes gastric ulcers

Raises blood pressure

Is carcinogenic

Solution

Question 2

S.B. Prussiner

F.P. Rous

A. Fleming

J.M. Bishop and H.E. Varmus

Solution

Question 3

Trichinella spiralis

Ascaris lumbricoides

Ancylostoma duodenale

Enterobius vermicularis

Solution

Question 4

HIV is unenveloped retrovirus.

HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response.

HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single-stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcription.

HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcription.

Solution

Question 5

When ready-made antibodies are directly given, it is called Passive immunity.

Active immunity is quick and gives full response.

Foetus receives some antibodies from mother, it is an example for passive immunity

When exposed to antigen (living or dead) antibodies are produced in the hosts body. It is called Active immunity.

Solution

Question 6

Alzheimer's disease

Psoriasis

Vitiligo

Rheumatoid arthritis

Solution

Question 7

Drinking water containing eggs of Ascaris

Eating imperfectly cooked port

Tse-tse fly

Mosquito bite

Solution

Question 8

Allergic response.

Graft rejection.

Auto-immune disease.

Active immunity.

Solution

Question 9

If due to some reason B- and T-lymphocytes are damaged, the body will not produce antibodies against a pathogen.

Injection of dead / inactivated pathogens causes passive immunity.

Certain protozoans have been used to mass produce hepatitis B vaccine.

Injection of snake antivenom against snake bite is an example of active immunisation.

Solution

Question 10

With in 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person.

When the infected retrovirus enters host cells.

When HIV damages large number of helper T lymphocytes.

When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase.

Solution

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