Human Health and Disease Test

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Human Health and Disease Test - 42

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
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Which of the following statements is correct about vaccination?

A
Helps to attain resistance against a specific disease.

B
Can control every disease.

C
Kills all the disease-causing organisms in the area.

D
Involves the use of antibodies.

Solution

Vaccination is the process of administration of the vaccine (antigenic material) into the body in order to stimulate the immune system and produce antibodies against specific antigens. It helps to attain resistance to a specific disease. A vaccine is an inactivated or heat-killed disease-causing microorganism. It involves the use of a weakened or harmless version of the pathogen. However, there are many diseases like malaria, dengue fever, AIDS which are not controlled by vaccination.
Thus, the correct answer is option A
Question 2
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Autoimmune diseases arise from the inadvertent recognition of self-antigens by one's own immune system. Which of the following are likely the cause of self-recognition?

A
Failure of one's immune system to eliminate self-recognizing cells.

B
Chronic exposure to allergens such as pollen.

C
Somatic mutations that lead to the creation of self-recognizing cells.

D
Uncontrolled proliferation of lymphocytes, as in the case of leukemias gives T-cells the ability to recognize self cells.

Solution

Mutations in the T lymphocytes that lead to destruction of healthy cells in the body, that is the immune system treats the body cells as foreign
So, the correct answer is 'Somatic mutations that lead to the creation of self-recognizing cells'
Question 3
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Which of these conditions results from being vaccinated?

A
Artificial immunity

B
Natural immunity

C
Humoral immunity

D
Cellular immunity

Solution

Artificial acquired active immunity is the type of immunity which is acquired artificially by vaccination. Vaccines contain dead or live but attenuated (weakened) pathogens or toxoids consisting of microbial components or toxins secreted by the pathogens. The vaccine is introduced into the body to stimulate the formation of antibodies by the immune system.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 4
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Which of these terms is used to describe a condition that interferes with the normal functioning of the body or mind?

A
Vaccination

B
Epidemic

C
Disease

D
Both B and C

Solution

Disease is a condition that affects the normal functioning of body or mind of an individual. It affects one or more of the organ systems whose cause may be known or unknown.
Hence, the correct answer is option C.
Question 5
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How does vaccination produce immunity towards a particular disease?

A
It results in the increase of white blood cells.

B
It stimulates lymphocytes to produce antibodies.

C
It kills the pathogens which cause the disease.

D
It prevents the entry of pathogens into the body.

Solution

The vaccines contains the antigens or the antibodies of the specific microbe which is responsible for causing disease or infection. The vaccines causes generation of an immune response and the information of the specific antibody is stored in the memory cells. This provides protection or resistance against the attack of the disease as the antibodies will be produced by the B-lymphocytes on the second encounter.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 6
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Noradrenaline is a:

A
enzyme

B
anti-depressant drug

C
hormone

D
None of the above
Solution
Explanation:
- Enzymes are the compounds present in the body that fast up or slow down the metabolism in the body depending upon the situation and requirement. They react as biological catalyst.
- The drugs which are used to treat a depressed patient or slow down the function of the neuro-transmitter is termed as anti depressant drugs.
- The chemical compounds acts as a messenger that are secreted and released directly into the blood stream and is a cause of action in the body is termed as a hormone. Noradernaline is a neuro-transmitter that belongs to the catecholamine group which has a major function in brain and body.
Hence, the correct answer is option C.
Question 7
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Immunity that develops in the fetus after receiving antibodies from the mother's blood through the placenta is known as

A
Naturally acquired active immunity.

B
Artificially acquired active immunity.

C
Naturally acquired passive immunity.

D
Artificial acquired passive immunity.

Solution

Active immunity refers to immunity due to the immune system’s response to a microorganism or a vaccine while the passive immunity refers to acquired protection against infection by transfer of antibodies to a susceptible individual. So, the immunity acquired by new born child from mother's milk is naturally acquired passive immunity. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 8
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A person who has allergy, the type of antibody responsible for it is

A
IgA

B
IgG

C
IgE

D
IgM
Solution
- Immunoglobulin E (IgE) are antibodies produced by the immune system in response to the allergy.
- The immune system overreacted to the allergens and releases IgE. These antibodies travel to cells that release chemicals, causing an allergic reaction.
- This reaction usually causes symptoms in the nose, lungs, throat, or skin.
So, the correct answer is option (C)
Question 9
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A quick immune response that often eliminates the infection or keeps it in check until a specific acquired immune response can develop is called

A
A nonspecific response, including macrophages and other nonspecific white blood cells.

B
Acquired immunity, which develops after antibodies bind to specific antigens.

C
The cell-mediated response in which T cells bind to antigen presenting cells (APCs).

D
The humoral response where B cells that develop in the bone marrow produce plasma B cells.

Solution

Innate immune system is quick and non specific, it is the 1$$^{st}$$ immediate response of the body on infection. It is also referred to as primary response that would eliminate certain number of pathogens keeping the infection in check.
So, the correct answer is 'A nonspecific response, including macrophages and other nonspecific white blood cells'
Question 10
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Which of the following is not a drug?

A
Antihistamine

B
Rantadine

C
Aspirin

D
None of the above

Solution

An antacid is a drug which neutralizes stomach acidity, which in turn relieves heartburn, indigestion or stomach upset.
All the above compounds are antacids. Hence all are drugs.
Thus, the answer is option $$D$$.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Human Health and Disease Test - 42

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Human Health and Disease Test - 42

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Helps to attain resistance against a specific disease.

Can control every disease.

Kills all the disease-causing organisms in the area.

Involves the use of antibodies.

Solution

Question 2

Failure of one's immune system to eliminate self-recognizing cells.

Chronic exposure to allergens such as pollen.

Somatic mutations that lead to the creation of self-recognizing cells.

Uncontrolled proliferation of lymphocytes, as in the case of leukemias gives T-cells the ability to recognize self cells.

Solution

Question 3

Artificial immunity

Natural immunity

Humoral immunity

Cellular immunity

Solution

Question 4

Vaccination

Epidemic

Disease

Both B and C

Solution

Question 5

It results in the increase of white blood cells.

It stimulates lymphocytes to produce antibodies.

It kills the pathogens which cause the disease.

It prevents the entry of pathogens into the body.

Solution

Question 6

enzyme

anti-depressant drug

hormone

None of the above

Solution

Question 7

Naturally acquired active immunity.

Artificially acquired active immunity.

Naturally acquired passive immunity.

Artificial acquired passive immunity.

Solution

Question 8

IgA

IgG

IgE

IgM

Solution

Question 9

A nonspecific response, including macrophages and other nonspecific white blood cells.

Acquired immunity, which develops after antibodies bind to specific antigens.

The cell-mediated response in which T cells bind to antigen presenting cells (APCs).

The humoral response where B cells that develop in the bone marrow produce plasma B cells.

Solution

Question 10

Antihistamine

Rantadine

Aspirin

None of the above

Solution

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