Human Health and Disease Test - 5

Innate immunity is specific type of defense that is present at the time of birth. They provide different types of barrier to the entry of foreign elements. Skin in our body is main barrier which prevent entry of microbes in our body.

Penicillin from fungus Penicilliumnotatum, the first true antibiotic, was discovered by Alexander Fleming, Professor of Bacteriology at St. Mary's Hospital in London in 1928.

Colostrum is the milk secreted by pregnant female after the delivery of baby. This milk contains immunoglobulin IgA that provide immunity to baby from several diseases.

The antigen-binding (Fab) fragment is a region on an antibody that binds to antigens. It is composed of one constant and one variable domain of each of the heavy and the light chain.

Antibodies in our body are present in the blood in form of glycoproteins. They produce antigens in response to foreign particles to provide immunity against the pathogen.

Memory cells are formed in lymphocytes of WBC. Immunization against the particular disease based on the function of memory cell induced due to mild, heat killed pathogen administrated during immunization.

Disease causing microorganism enters through different routes into the body. Physiological barrier prevent their entry. Tears acts as physiological barrier for entry of pathogen.

When a host is exposed to antigens, antibodies are produced in the host body. This type of immunity is called active immunity. Hence, growing immunity after getting the disease free body is active acquired immunity.

Physiological barrier is a kind of innate immunity which prevents microbial growth in the body that causes infection. Acid in stomach kill the microbes that enters the alimentary canal along with food.

T cells (thymus cells) and B cells (bone marrow- or bursa-derived cells) are the major cellular components of the adaptive immune response. T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity, whereas B cells are primarily responsible for humoral immunity (relating to antibodies).