Human Health and Disease Test - 55

Vinca  rosea is a native and endemic ornamental and medicinal plant, o source for the anticancer drugs vincristine and vinblastine.

• AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus.
• HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)belongs to the special class of viruses called retrovirus.with in this class HIV is placed in a subgroup called lentivirus.
• HIV consists of a viral envelope.with in the viral envelope 2 identical copies of single-stranded RNA are a present and reverse transcriptase enzyme. Hence HIV has a protein coat and a genetic material which is ss RNA.
• So, the correct answer is 'ss RNA'.

Microfilaria is an early stage in the life cycle of certain parasitic nematodes such as Wuchereria bancrofti which causes a disease known as filariasis. The adult worms live in a tissue or the circulatory system of vertebrates. They release microfilariae into the bloodstream of the vertebrate host. The microfilariae are taken up by blood-feeding arthropod vectors, most commonly by female Culex mosquito. When a mosquito bites a healthy individual, the microfilariae are released into the bloodstream. So, the correct answer is 'Culex'.

Vitamin E is a group of eight fat-soluble compounds that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. It is estimated that vitamin E provides protection against carcinogens but the mechanism is not clearly understood. Gamma-tocotrienol, a cofactor found in natural vitamin E preparations, may decrease prostate tumour formation.

Taenia solium, also known as pork tapeworm is an intestinal parasite found throughout the world and is most prevalent in countries where pork is eaten. Mode of transmission is consumption of undercooked pork or on ingesting faecally contaminated water or food. In Taenia solium, the primary or definitive host is human and then the larva is transmitted to pig through contaminated faeces. Hence, pigs are the secondary host of Taenia solium. So, the correct answer is 'Pig'.

An antigen is a foreign substance which produces an immune response and is specifically bound to antibodies. Each antibody is specifically produced by the immune system to match an antigen after cells in the immune system come into contact with it, this allows a precise identification or matching of the antigen. Antigens are usually proteins, peptides and polysaccharides which elicit an immune response.