Human Health and Disease Test - 79

• HIV is an enveloped retrovirus. Each virus particle contains two copies of an RNA genome. Hence, HIV is a type of retrovirus that has an envelope enclosing the diploid RNA genome.
• HIV infects white blood cells in the body’s immune system called helper T cells. The virus attaches itself to the helper T cells. 
• In macrophages of the host cell, the RNA genome converts into DNA by reverse transcriptase enzyme and incorporated into the host DNA to produce viral DNA.
• Without reverse transcriptase, the viral genome couldn't become incorporated into the host cell, and couldn't reproduce.

A.Myasthenia gravis - a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles, which are responsible for breathing and moving parts of the body, including the arms and legs. 

B.Rheumatoid arthritis - is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints. Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest.

C.Parkinson’s disease - affects the nerve cells in the brain that produce dopamine. its  symptoms include muscle rigidity, tremors, and changes in speech and gait.

D.Hay fever -  is an allergic reaction to environmental allergens such as pollens, dust mite, moulds and animal hair. Avoiding allergic triggers and taking appropriate treatments are the best ways to reduce the frequency of hay fever symptoms.

• Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disorder affecting the joints of the body, mainly the hand and feet. 
• An autoimmune disorder means a disorder in which body immune system attack self-cells as it loses the ability to differentiate between the pathogen or disease-causing agent and self-cells and therefore, start making antibodies against own cells in a substantial amount.