Directing Test - 3

The process of directing involves guiding, coaching, instructing, moti­vating, leading the people in an organisation to achieve organisational objectives.

Supervision being an element of directing, every man­ager in the organi­sation supervises his/her subordinates. In this sense, supervision can be understood as the process of guiding the efforts of employees and other resources to accomplish the desired objectives. It means overseeing what is being done by subordinates and giving instructions to ensure opti­mum utilisation of resources and achievement of work targets.

Leadership is the art or process of influencing people so that they will strive willingly and enthusiastically towards the achievement of group goals.

Motivation can be either positive or negative. Positive motivation provides positive rewards like increase in pay, promotion, recognition etc., Negative moti­vation uses negative means like punishment, stopping increments, threatening etc. which also may induce a person to act in the desired way.

Motivation can be either positive or negative. Positive motivation provides positive rewards like increase in pay, promotion, recognition etc., Negative moti­vation uses negative means like punishment, stopping increments, threatening etc. which also may induce a person to act in the desired way.

Function of supervisor includes giving instructions to ensure opti­mum utilisation of resources and achievement of work targets.

Abraham Maslow, a well-knownPsychologist in a classic paper publishedin 1943, outlined the elements of an overall theory of motivation.His theory was based on human needs. He felt that within every human being, there exists a hierarchy of five needs.

These needs are most basic in the hierarchy and corresponds to primary needs. Hunger, thirst, shelter, sleep and sex are some examples of these needs. In the organisational context, basic salary helps to satisfy these needs.

These needs provide security and protection from physical and emotional harm. Examples: job security, stability of income, Pension plans etc.

Affiliation/Belonging Needs refer to affection, sense of belongingness, acceptance and friendship.