Directing Test - 82

Expectancy theory of motivation is given by Victor Vroom. It is a cognitive process theory of motivation. The theory is founded on the basic notions that people will be motivated to exert a high level of effort when they believe there are relationships between the effort they put forth, the performance they achieve and the outcomes they receive.

ll of the above options contribute to improving communication effectiveness.

Ensuring proper feedback allows for clarification and ensures that the message was understood correctly.

Being a good listener helps in understanding the message accurately and showing respect to the speaker.

Ensuring follow-up patience demonstrates commitment and allows for addressing any further questions or concerns that may arise after the initial communication.

Together, these practices create a conducive environment for effective communication.

In 1981, Narayana Murthy founded Infosys, a global software consulting company headquartered in Bangalore, He served as the CEO of Infosys during 1981 – 2002, as the Chairman and Chief Mentor during 1981 – 2011, and as the Chairman Emeritus during August 2011 – May 2013. Under his leadership, Infosys was listed on NASDAQ in 1999.

One of the steps that may be required for achieving effective coordination is transmission of messages in a full line communication channel. Communication channel consists of sender, message, encoding, media, decoding, receiver, feedback. Breaking this communication channel while transmission of any information or message will not help to achieve effective coordination in the organization.

Under these incentive schemes, employees are offered company shares at a set price which is lower than market price.

The process of directing involves guiding, coaching, instructing, moti­vating, leading the people in an organisation to achieve organisational objectives.

Theory Y is one of the theories related to the human work motivation and management. It describes two contrasting sets of assumptions that managers make about their people. It is developed by Douglas Mc Gregor. Following assumptions are applicable for 'Theory Y':

(a) The average human being does not inherently dislike work.

(b) Every man has his own potentials for development, the capacity for assuming responsibilities and management need not to them there.

(c) Under proper organizational conditions and method of operation man will exercise self-control towards achieving his own goals and those of the organization.

It is the process of converting the message into communication symbols such as words, pictures, gestures etc.,

Leadership is the art or process of influencing people so that they will strive willingly and enthusiastically towards the achievement of group goals.

Motivation can be either positive or negative. Positive motivation provides positive rewards like increase in pay, promotion, recognition etc., Negative moti­vation uses negative means like punishment, stopping increments, threatening etc. which also may induce a person to act in the desired way.