Controlling Test - 48

Workplace violence can an range from threats and verbal abuse to physical assaults and homicide. It is one of the leading causes of job-related deaths. It occurs when an employee or former employee commits violence against other employees on organizational grounds.

All functions of management like planning, co-ordinating, controlling, directing, communicating etc is an all inclusive and pervasive function performed by people working at any level in the organisation. For example the lower level employees also plans his activity, co-ordinates with fellow collogues and higher up supervisors and also works to meet the standards of performance set by him or his superiors to ensure that the work performance meets the organizational goals. 

Material Usage Variance =(Standard Qty for actual production-Actual Qty)*Standard Rate

Standard Material required to produce actual quantity=100×3= 300 Kgs

Actual Material used=330 Kgs

Standard rate = Rs.2 Per kg.

= (300-330)×Rs.2 =Rs.60 (Adverse)

The techniques of controlling are direct supervision and observation, financial statement analysis, budgetary control, break even analysis, return on investment, management by objectives, management audit, management by objectives (MBO) , MIS- Management Information Systems, PERT and CPM and self control.

The third step in controlling is comparing the actual performance against the set standard of a particular task. When the actual raises above the mark of the set standard then such a deviation is called positive deviation. Such a deviation is also a hint towards a requisition of revising the set standard keeping in mind a continuous enhancement in performance levels.

Management audit is a technique which helps in measuring the efficiency and effectiveness of management. It is a comprehensive and constructive review. Thus, we can say it is defined as the review of the functioning performance and to improve its efficiency in future period hence it serves as an effective technique of controlling following points are proving the same.

(i) It helps to locate present and potential deficiencies in the performance of management functions.

(ii) It helps to improve the control system of an organisation by continuously monitoring the performance of management.

(iii) It ensures updating of existing managerial policies and strategies in the light of environmental changes.

This results in efficient controlling of management.

Responsibility accounting is a system of dividing an organization into units like divisions, departments, branches etc and facilitating the control process of an organization through planning and auditing. Thus, responsibility accounting can be applied to investment centre, cost centre and profit centres of the organization. 

Managing any task or job starts with planning the task that is looking ahead or forward. When management of the task has to be effective and efficient it has to be audited or controlled by looking back or taking a check of how the task has been conducted or performed. Thus, delivering the task effectively and also enhancing the performance. 

Control as a function identifies deviations between the actual and set standard of a task.

Controlling Process Controlling is a systematic process involving the following steps. 

1. Setting performance standards 

2. Measurement of actual performance 

3. Comparison of actual performance with standards 

4. Analysing deviations 

5. Taking corrective action