Alcohols Phenol...

The product (B) is:

Consider the reaction:

Give the decreasing order of reactivity of the following compounds with $$HBr$$.

A compound (X) reacts with thionyl chloride to give a compound (Y). (Y) reacts with $$\displaystyle Mg$$ to form a Grignard reagent, which is treated with acetone and the product is hydrolysed to give 2-methyl-2- butanol. What are structural formulae of (X) and (Y) ?

Consider the following reaction sequence.
$$\displaystyle { CH }_{ 2 }={ CH }_{ 2 }\xrightarrow [ dil.{ KMnO }_{ 4 } ]{ cold } A\xrightarrow [ { PCl }_{ 5 } ]{ excess } B$$

$$PhCH=C{ H }_{ 2 }\overset { ArC{ O }_{ 3 }H }{ \underset { C{ H }_{ 2 }{ Cl }_{ 2 } }{ \longrightarrow  }  } A\overset { 1.LiAl{ H }_{ 4 }\cdot { Et }_{ 2 }O }{ \underset { 2.{ H }_{ 2 }O }{ \longrightarrow  }  } B$$
The end product (B) is :

Propene is allowed to react with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. The product (A) is then reduced with $$\displaystyle { LiAlH }_{ 4 }$$ in dry ether to give (B).

For the reaction given, what is product $$(A)$$?

When benzene sulphonic acid and p-nitrophenol are treated with $$NaH{CO}_{3}$$, the gases released respectively :

Complete the blanks by identifying $$X$$ and $$Y$$.