Chemistry in Everyday Life Test

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Chemistry in Everyday Life Test - 8

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Anti – histamines stop allergic reactions by

A
competing with histamine for binding sites of histamine receptor

B
reacting with allergy reactions orally

C
inhibiting histamine production

D
reacting with the allergens like pollen

Solution

Synthetic drugs, brompheniramine (Dimetapp) and terfenadine (Seldane), act as antihistamines. They interfere with the natural action of histamine by competing with histamine for binding sites of receptor where histamine exerts its effect.
Question 2
1 / -0

Tranquilizers act as antidepressant by

A
Increasing the degradation of noradrenaline

B
Binding itself to noradrenaline

C
Performing the function of neurotransmitters

D
Decreasing the degradation of noradrenaline

Solution

Transquilizers function by different mechanisms. For example, the antidepressant drugs inhibit the enzymes which catalyse the degradation of the neurotransmittor noradrenaline. If the enzyme is inhibited, this important neurotransmitter is slowly metabolised and can activate its receptor for longer periods of time, thus counteracting the effect of depression.
Question 3
1 / -0

The colloidal soap is precipitated by

A
Boiling the colloidal soap solution

B
Cooling the colloidal soap solution

C
Adding sodium chloride

D
Centrifuging the colloidal solution

Solution

In saponification reaction, esters of fatty acids are hydrolysed and the soap obtained remains in colloidal form. It is precipitated from the solution by adding sodium chloride.
Question 4
1 / -0

Anionic detergents have

A
No cations in their constitution

B
Germicidal properties and are expensive

C
A molecule whose anionic part does not take part in cleansing action

D
A molecule whose anionic part helps in the cleansing action

Solution

Anionic detergents are sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohols or hydrocarbons. Their anionic part helps in cleansing action. Sodium salts of alkylbenzenesulphonates are an important class of anionic detergents.
Question 5
1 / -0

Neurologically active drugs are

A
Tranquilisers and Analgesics

B
Antihistamines

C
Antibiotics

D
Tranquilisers

Solution

Neurologically-active drugs are tranquilisers and analgesics.These affect the message transfer mechanism from nerve to receptor.
Question 6
1 / -0

Sodium – bi – carbonate is not a preferred antacid because

A
It increases the pH above neutrality

B
It is insoluble in water

C
It causes irritation and pain

D
It is a very mild antacid

Solution

Excessive hydrogencarbonate can make the stomach alkaline and trigger the production of even more acid. Metal hydroxides are better alternatives because of being insoluble, these do not increase the pH above neutrality. These treatments control only symptoms, and not the cause. Therefore, with these metal salts, the patients cannot be treated easily. In advanced stages, ulcers become life threatening and its only treatment is removal of the affected part of the stomach.
Question 7
1 / -0

Aspirin inhibits

A
The synthesis of prostaglandins

B
The synthesis of histamine

C
The synthesis of noradrenaline

D
The synthesis of progesterone

Solution

Aspirin, a non-narcotic analgesic, inhibits the synthesis of chemicals known as prostaglandins which stimulate inflammation in the tissue and cause pain.
Question 8
1 / -0

Soaps are not Ca²⁺and Mg²⁺salts of long-chain acids because

A
These salts change the pH of water which decreases its cleansing action

B
These salts are insoluble in water

C
These salts cannot be obtained by saponification

D
These soaps make the water soft

Solution

Calcium and magnesium ions form insoluble calcium and magnesium soaps respectively which separate as scum in water and are useless as a cleansing agent. In fact these are hinderance to good washing.
Question 9
1 / -0

Enzyme inhibitor drugs

A
Form a strong covalent bond between itself and enzyme

B
Attaches itself to the substrate changing the shape of the substrate

C
Allows the substrate to bind with the enzyme at the allosteric site

D
Allow enzymes to bind strongly to the substrate by hydrogen bonding

Solution

Drugs inhibit the activities of enzymes. These can block the binding site of the enzyme and prevent the binding of substrate, or can inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Such drugs are called enzyme inhibitors.
Question 10
1 / -0

Broad spectrum antibiotic are used to

A
kill gram – positive bacteria

B
kill gram – negative bacteria

C
kills only one type of bacteria

D
kills both gram – positive and gram – negative bacteria

Solution

Broad spectrum antibiotic are used to kill or inhibit a wide range of both gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic. It is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and hence can be given orally in case of typhoid, dysentery, acute fever, certain form of urinary infections, meningitis and pneumonia.

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Chemistry in Everyday Life Test - 8

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Chemistry in Everyday Life Test - 8

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Question 1

competing with histamine for binding sites of histamine receptor

reacting with allergy reactions orally

inhibiting histamine production

reacting with the allergens like pollen

Solution

Question 2

Increasing the degradation of noradrenaline

Binding itself to noradrenaline

Performing the function of neurotransmitters

Decreasing the degradation of noradrenaline

Solution

Question 3

Boiling the colloidal soap solution

Cooling the colloidal soap solution

Adding sodium chloride

Centrifuging the colloidal solution

Solution

Question 4

No cations in their constitution

Germicidal properties and are expensive

A molecule whose anionic part does not take part in cleansing action

A molecule whose anionic part helps in the cleansing action

Solution

Question 5

Tranquilisers and Analgesics

Antihistamines

Antibiotics

Tranquilisers

Solution

Question 6

It increases the pH above neutrality

It is insoluble in water

It causes irritation and pain

It is a very mild antacid

Solution

Question 7

The synthesis of prostaglandins

The synthesis of histamine

The synthesis of noradrenaline

The synthesis of progesterone

Solution

Question 8

These salts change the pH of water which decreases its cleansing action

These salts are insoluble in water

These salts cannot be obtained by saponification

These soaps make the water soft

Solution

Question 9

Form a strong covalent bond between itself and enzyme

Attaches itself to the substrate changing the shape of the substrate

Allows the substrate to bind with the enzyme at the allosteric site

Allow enzymes to bind strongly to the substrate by hydrogen bonding

Solution

Question 10

kill gram – positive bacteria

kill gram – negative bacteria

kills only one type of bacteria

kills both gram – positive and gram – negative bacteria

Solution

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