Development Experiences India & Neighbours test - 14

China's Developmental Experience: Over the past few decades, China has experienced remarkable economic growth and development, lifting millions of people out of poverty. Its rapid industrialization, infrastructure development, investment in education and technology, and successful implementation of economic reforms have contributed to its leading position in terms of developmental experience.

China announced its first five-year plan in 1953. The first five-year plan in China was initiated under the leadership of Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

Agricultural growth in Pakistan lacked institutionalized processes for technical change, limiting productivity and income growth for rural populations. Pakistan's reliance on external borrowing and foreign exchange requirements strained its economy, diverting resources away from poverty reduction efforts. Non-developmental activities, such as corruption and political instability, hindered economic progress and diverted resources from poverty alleviation programs. Collectively, these factors contributed to the reemergence of poverty in Pakistan.

In the Theory of Demographic Transition, India is typically placed in the second stage, characterized by a high birth rate and a falling death rate. During this stage, improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and living standards lead to a decline in mortality rates, while birth rates remain high. India's demographic profile aligns with this stage as it undergoes transitions in population dynamics, with birth rates gradually declining but remaining relatively high compared to developed countries.

Trickle Down Theory: The position that economic development benefits the poorest numbers of a society mainly through the effects of increased national income or demand for labour, rather than through explicit measures to help them.

The linguistic parameter is not the parameter of human development.

Human Development Index (HDI) tries to look beyond just statistics, money and numbers when assessing the level of development of a region. Economics, health, and education are the three main parameters of the population that are assessed when calculating the value of HDI.

The modern conception of quality of life is a combination of factors: environment, standard of living, mental and physical health, social position, education, etc.

China’s rapid industrial growth is an aggregate outcome of the various economic reforms that were introduced in phases since 1978. In the initial phase, reforms were initiated in agriculture, foreign trade and investment sectors. The system of collective farming known as Commune System was implemented. Under this system, land was divided into small plots that were allocated to the individual households. 

China's low population density can be attributed to several factors. The implementation of the one-child policy has effectively controlled population growth. Additionally, China's vast geographical area provides more space per person, contributing to lower population density. Combined with a relatively low population growth rate, these factors collectively result in China having the lowest population density among the three nations.

India and Pakistan are completing five decades of their independence. Since the partition, the relationship between the two countries has been uneasy and characterized by a set of paradoxes. Both countries face a set of common problems - the inherited legacy of a control mind-set among the government and rent-seeking private sector, widespread corruption, poor fiscal management, weak financial system and congested and overcrowded urban services.