Land Resources and Agriculture Test - 1

A koog is one of the types of polder found on the North Sea West of Germany. Koog is established by the construction of dykes enclosing the land which is drained to form marshland. Koog is protected by embankments known as dykes.

Uttar Pradesh has the highest crop area of gram. India is the world's largest producer of milk, pulses, and jute. India is the largest producer (25% of global production), consumer (27% of world consumption), and importer (14%) of pulses in the world. Though India is the leading producer of pulses, but its yield is the lowest. Pulses account for around 20 percent of the area under foodgrains and contribute around 7-10 percent of the total foodgrain production in the country. Though pulses are grown in both Kharif and Rabi seasons, Rabi pulses contribute more than 60 percent of the total production.

Dryland farming requires crops with short growth duration. This is because of the less rainfall in dryland areas and the very short season of favorable conditions for crop cultivation.

The term ‘barani’ refers to the agricultural area that depends on rainfall for cultivation. The word ‘barani’ comes from the Persian word ‘baran’ meaning ‘rain’. The rainfed areas, commonly known as the Barani tract, account for about one-quarter of the total cropped area of Punjab. 

Major policies like National Forest Policy, 1988, and other economic changes in the last four decades have greatly influenced the land use pattern in India. As per the India State of Forest Report, 2019, the total forest cover of the country is 7,12,249 sq km which is 21.67% of the geographical area of the country. The tree cover of the country is estimated as 95,027 sq km which is 2.89% of the geographical area. The area under forest has increased in the last forty years due to various steps of government like an increase in the recorded forest area along with the increase in the notified area allocated for forest growth.

Derelict land is land that has become damaged by industrial or other development and is beyond use without any kind of treatment. The treatments that is given for derelict land are demolition and levelling.

Desertification is the process by which vegetation in drylands i.e. arid and semi-arid lands, such as grasslands or shrublands, decreases and eventually disappears.

Jute is a textile plant. It is used to manufacture a variety of products such as ropes, mats, gunny bags, and packaging material. It is known as the 'golden fibre'.

Land-use records are maintained by the Land Revenue Department. The land use categories add up to the reporting area, which is somewhat different from the geographical area. The Survey of India is responsible for measuring the geographical area of administrative units in India.

Cropping intensity: Cropping Intensity = Gross Cropped Area/Net Sown Area × 100 

Or 

Area under kharif + rabi + zaid over area under actual cultivation × 100