Water Resources Test - 1

Post-independent India witnessed intensive industrialisation and urbanisation, creating vast employment opportunities for us.

Where water is sufficiently available to meet the needs of the people, but, the area still suffers from water scarcity .This scarcity may be due to bad quality of water. Lately, there has been a growing concern that even if there is ample water to meet the needs of the people, much of it may be polluted by domestic and industrial wastes, chemicals, pesticides and fertilisers used in agriculture, thus, making it hazardous for human use.

A dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment. “Dam” refers to the reservoir rather than the structure. Most dams have a section called a spillway or weir over which or through which it is intended that water will flow either intermittently or continuously.

This freshwater is mainly obtained from surface run off and ground water. All the remaining water occurs in the oceans and other water bodies. This is salt water and therefore unfit for domestic use.

Much of this energy comes from hydroelectric power. Today, in India hydroelectric power contributes approximately 22 per cent of the total electricity produced.

Water is mainly used for irrigation. ​It accounts for 89% of the surface water and 92% of the groundwater utilisation.

True, the availability of water resources varies over space and time, mainly due to the variations in seasonal and annual precipitation.

Nowadays, large industrial houses are as commonplace as the industrial units of many MNCs (Multinational Corporations).

By 2025, it is predicted that large parts of India will join countries or regions having absolute water scarcity.

Nearly Three-fourth of the earth’s surface is covered with water, It occurs in the form of oceans and other water bodies.