Geographical Perspective on selected issues & problems Test - 3

Both household/domestic and industrial/commercial establishments. Solid wastes are primarily disposed of from both household/domestic sources and industrial/commercial establishments. Household waste includes the everyday waste generated by households, such as kitchen waste, packaging materials, and discarded items. Industrial and commercial establishments produce waste during manufacturing processes, packaging, and other operations. Both types of waste contribute to the overall solid waste stream and require appropriate management and disposal methods to mitigate environmental and health risks.

Afforestation involves planting trees and vegetation to stabilize soil, prevent erosion, and improve soil fertility, thereby combating land degradation. 

Water pollution leads to various negative consequences, including decreased availability of safe drinking water due to contamination.

Salinisation refers to the accumulation of salts in the soil, which can occur due to factors such as irrigation with saline water or poor drainage. This process leads to land degradation by reducing soil fertility and agricultural productivity.

Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes.

 Noise pollution refers to the state of discomfort caused by excessive noise from different sources. 

Overgrazing occurs when the vegetation cover is removed or damaged by excessive grazing pressure from livestock, leading to soil erosion, loss of soil fertility, and land degradation. 

Primary air pollutants are emitted directly into the atmosphere from sources such as vehicles, industries, and wildfires. Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is one such primary pollutant.

Industries cause noise pollution, but the intensity varies depending on the type of industry.

The Petlawad block in Jhabua district has successfully managed watershed programmes through a partnership between the government and NGOs, along with active community participation.