An Imperial Capital – Vijayanagara Test - 2

The gateways of Vijayanagara's fortifications were influenced by the Indo-Islamic architectural style. This influence is evident in the design elements and ornamentation of the gateways, reflecting the cultural exchange and architectural synthesis that occurred during the Vijayanagara period.

The major political innovation of the Vijayanagara Empire in terms of governance was the Amara-nayaka system. This system involved the delegation of administrative and military responsibilities to regional governors known as Amara-nayakas, who exercised considerable autonomy within their territories while remaining loyal to the central authority of the empire.

According to Abdur Razzaq, seven lines of fortification surrounded Vijayanagara. These extensive defensive structures were designed to protect the city from external threats and invasions, highlighting the strategic importance of Vijayanagara as a formidable fortress.

The decline of the Vijayanagara Empire was primarily caused by internal strife among ruling lineages. This internal discord weakened the empire's ability to govern effectively and respond to external threats, contributing significantly to its eventual downfall.

According to tradition and epigraphic evidence, the Vijayanagara Empire was founded by Harihara and Bukka, who were brothers and served as generals in the Kakatiya dynasty before establishing their own empire in the 14th century.

The military chiefs in the Vijayanagara Empire who controlled forts and had armed supporters were known as Nayakas. They played a crucial role in maintaining the military strength and defense of the empire's territories.

After the sack of Vijayanagara in 1565, the focus of the Vijayanagara Empire shifted towards eastward expansion. This strategic move was aimed at consolidating power in new territories and rebuilding the strength of the empire after the devastating defeat.

The Amara-nayakas expressed their loyalty to the king by personally appearing in the royal court with gifts. This gesture served as a demonstration of their allegiance and willingness to maintain harmonious relations with the central authority of the Vijayanagara Empire.

Agricultural tracts were incorporated within the fortified area of Vijayanagara to ensure access to fertile land during sieges. This strategic decision allowed the city to maintain a sustainable food supply even during times of conflict or siege, reducing its vulnerability to starvation and ensuring the resilience of the population within the fortified boundaries.

The Lotus Mahal is believed to have been used as a council chamber. This elegant and intricately designed structure was likely a place for royal meetings, administrative discussions, and other official gatherings within the Vijayanagara Empire.