Electric Charges and Fields Test - 9

Every matter is made up of atoms which contains protons, electrons and neutrons. Protons are +ve charged particles and electrons are -ve charged particles. Because of electric charge these particles experience a force in electrical fields.

Two types

• Positive charge — deficiency of electrons i.e. if a body loses electrons, it will be positively charged.
• Negative charge — excess of electrons i.e. if a body gains electrons, it will be negatively charged

implies one is positively charged and the other is negatively charged.

According to Coulomb's law, unlike charges always attract each other while like charges always repel each other. So two positive charges repel each other.

Total charge transferred from one body to other can be calculated by the number of electrons it is known as quantisation of charge given by q=±ne, where n= number of electrons, which should be an integer.

It is not possible to remove or add protons to atom, but electron can be added or removed by an atom easily so charge can be developed on an atom by removing or adding electrons. By adding electrons it becomes negative charged, by removing electrons it becomes positively charged.

Electrostatics means charges at rest,or relatively at rest so this force can be applicable only when charge produce electric field which is constant which is possible only when charges at rest or relatively at rest.

Conductors are materials that permit electrons to flow freely from particle to particle. An object made of a conducting material will permit charge to be transferred across the entire surface of the object.
In conductors some electrons are unpaired so these electrons can move freely.