The End of Bipolarity Test - 3

The Indo–Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Cooperation was a treaty signed between India and the Soviet Union in August 1971 that specified mutual strategic cooperation. The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

The Chechens and the Ingush are both Muslim and are two of the many Caucasian mountain peoples whose language belongs to the Nakh group. Fiercely independent, the Chechens and other Caucasian tribes mounted a prolonged resistance to Russian conquest from the 1830s through the '50s under the Muslim leader Shāmil.

The Warsaw Pact (WP), formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA), was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War.

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 and additionally as head of state beginning in 1988, as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990 and the only President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991.

Glasnost was taken to mean increased openness and transparency in government institutions and activities in the Soviet Union (USSR). Glasnost reflected a commitment of the Gorbachev administration to allow Soviet citizens to discuss publicly the problems of their system and potential solutions.

There was no private ownership of land and all economic resources were owned by the government. So, the people of the Soviet Union did not enjoy any economic freedom.

After the second Comintern Congress, M.N. Roy, Abani Mukherji, and others founded the Communist Party of India (CPI). It was founded in 1920 in Tashkent (now the capital of Uzbekistan). M.N. Roy was the first elected Comintern leader. 

The reasons for the disintegration of the Soviet Union was-

a) Gorbachev's reforms 

b) The Fall of the Berlin Wall 

c) Economic Weakness

Shock Therapy also entailed a significant shift in these economies' external orientation. Russia's and east European countries' economies were devastated by shock therapy. The ruble, the Russian currency, has lost a lot of value. Because of the high rate of inflation, people lost all of their money.

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic came into being after the socialist revolution in Russia in 1917. The revolution was inspired by the ideals of socialism as opposed to capitalism and the need for an egalitarian society and classless society.