World Organisations and Diversities Test 21

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade. The WTO officially commenced on 1 January 1995 under the Marrakesh Agreement, signed by 123 nations on 15 April 1994, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which commenced in 1948. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. It is the largest international economic organization in the world. The WTO deals with regulation of trade in goods, services and intellectual property between participating countries by providing a framework for negotiating trade agreements and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants' adherence to WTO agreements, which are signed by representatives of member governments and ratified by their Parliaments. Most of the issues that the WTO focuses on are derived from previous trade negotiations, especially from the Uruguay Round (1986–1994).

The G20 is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, and the European Union. Founded in 1999, the G20 aims to discuss policy pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability. The G20 is supported by international organisations, including the Financial Stability Board, the International Labour Organisation, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the United Nations, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization. These and several other organisations are invited to attend key G20 meetings. Both the G8 and G20 originated from the G7, a seven-nation coalition that included Britain, United States, France, Canada, Japan, Italy, and Germany. 

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim member economies that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region. India is not a part of the APEC. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between several North American and European states based on the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949. Russia is not a member of the NATO.

The European Central Bank is the central bank for the Euro and administers monetary policy of the Eurozone, which consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world. The Treaty of Amsterdam established the bank in 1998, and it is headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany.

In a bid to expand its economic reach, India launched an initiative in 2004 called Techno-Economic Approach for Africa–India Movement (TEAM–9), together with eight energy and resource-rich West African countries viz. Burkina Faso, Chad, Cote D’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Senegal, and India. 

The Ramsar Convention (The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl habitat), named after the town of Ramsar in lran, is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilisation of wetlands, i.e. to stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands now and in the future, recognising the fundamental ecological functions of wetlands and their economic, cultural, scientific, and recreational value.

The Treaties of the European Union are a set of international treaties between the European Union (EU) member states which sets out the EU's constitutional basis. Two core functional treaties, the Treaty on European Union (originally signed in Maastricht in 1992) also called as the Maastricht Treaty and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (originally signed in Rome in 1957 as the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community), lay out how the EU operates, and there are a number of satellite treaties which are interconnected with them. The treaties have been repeatedly amended by other treaties over the 65 years since they were first signed. The consolidated version of the two core treaties is regularly published by the European Commission.

• HPI was first reported as part of the Human Development Report in 1997 by United Nations.
• Human Poverty Index - It indicates the standard of living in a country which considers three key derivations income, literacy and social services .
• Literacy deprivation - Includes adults who are illiterate with emphasis on girls.
• Income deprivation - Includes people without access to health services and safe water. 
• Social services deprivation - The effort to enhance social functioning and overall well-being got deprived.