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Pollution of Air and Water Test - 21

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Pollution of Air and Water Test - 21
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is a  man-made source of air pollution?
    Solution
    Anthropogenic or man-made source of pollution is automobile exhaust. When fuel burns various gases like carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide are released into the air.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    If water pollution continues at its present rate, it will eventually:
    Solution
    If water pollution continues at its present rate, it will eventually make oxygen molecules unavailable to water plants and kill them.
    Also, it kills life that depends on water bodies. Dead fish, crabs, birds, seagulls, dolphins, and many other animals often wind up on beaches, killed by pollutants in their habitat (living environment).

    Option $$C$$ is correct.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is the main factor of water pollution?
    Solution
    Industrial waste is the main cause of water pollution. It is the waste that is produced as a result of industrial processes and is mainly discharged into rivers.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    We feel fresh while on a morning walk in natural surroundings. Why don't we feel the same after 10 a.m and during rush hours?
    Solution
    Early in the morning the air is fresh, and has less pollutants due to low vehicular traffic. Breathing less polluted air gives us the feeling of freshness. After 10 a.m., vehicular traffic increases. Fast moving vehicles raise dust in the air, and the partially burnt fuels set free carbon particles and carbon monoxide. The air also gets polluted with oxides of nitrogen and sulphur dioxide (diesel, petrol contains certain amount of sulphur). Partial burning of carbon (petrol, diesel, being hydrocarbon contain carbon) produces carbon monoxide.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which of the following options is a major water pollutant nowadays?
    Solution
    Industrial causes of water pollution:
    Industries cause huge water pollution with their activities. These come mainly from: 
    1. Sulphur – This is a non-metallic substance that is harmful for marine life.
    Asbestos – This pollutant has cancer-causing properties. When inhaled, it can cause illnesses such as asbestosis and some types of cancer.
    2. Lead and Mecury – These are metallic elements and can cause environmental and health problems for humans and animals. It is also poisonous. It is usually very hard to clean it up from the environment once it gets into it because it is non-biodegradable.
    3. Nitrates & Phosphates– These are found in fertilizers, and are often washed from the soils to nearby water bodies. They can cause eutrophication, which can be very problematic to marine environments.
    4. Oils – Oils form a thick layer on the water surface because they do not dissolve in water. This can stop marine plants receiving enough light for photosynthesis. It is also harmful for fish and marine birds.

  • Question 6
    1 / -0

    Above figure represents the phenomenon of:

    Solution
    The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth's surface. When the Sun's energy reaches the Earth's atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases. The absorbed energy warms the atmosphere and the surface of the Earth.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Greenhouse effect is mainly caused by :
    Solution
    The man-made component of the greenhouse effect is caused by man’s activities that emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The most important of these is the burning of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels contain carbon, and when they are burnt this carbon combines with oxygen in the atmosphere to form carbon dioxide.

    So, the greenhouse effect is mainly caused by $$CO_2$$. Some other gases are also responsible for the greenhouse effect but carbon dioxide has a major contribution to it.
    Hence, option $$D$$ is correct.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    An increase in $${ CO }_{ 2 }$$ concentration in the atmosphere will result in:
    Solution
     $$CO_2$$ is a greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gases are responsible for trapping the heat in the earth's atmosphere. The heat trapped helps in maintaining the temperature on the earth. But, an increase in the concentration of $$CO_2$$ on earth will cause more heat to be trapped in the atmosphere. As a result, the temperature of the earth will increase, and this is called global warming. Option B is correct.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Carbon particles and smoke from factories:
    Solution

    Atmospheric pollutants like carbon particles and smoke from factories harm the plants. They can have direct toxic effects, or indirectly by changing soil $$pH$$ followed by solubilization of toxic salts of metals like aluminum. The particular matters have a negative mechanical effect. They cover the leaf blade reducing light penetration and blocking the opening of stomata. These impediments influence the process of photosynthesis whose rate declines sharply.

    Option B is correct.



  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The pie chart shows the composition of air. Identify the gases W, X, Y.

    Solution
    Air is a mixture of gases - 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen - with traces of water vapour, carbon dioxide, argon, and various other components.
    In the pie chart, the gases W, X, Y are Nitrogen, Oxygen, rare gases respectively. 

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