Pollution of Air and Water Test - 36

Combustion can not take place without air. Air contains about 21% by volume of oxygen. Oxygen is essential for combustion to occur.

Air is mixture of several gases like nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Air is a mixture of gases. The volume per cent of nitrogen and oxygen is 78%and 21% respectively. Air also contains tiny amounts of carbon dioxide, argon, methane, ozone and water vapour.
Hence, the main constituent in the air is nitrogen.

The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without its atmosphere. The exchange of incoming and outgoing radiation that warms the earth is often referred to as the greenhouse effect because a greenhouse works in much the same way. Incoming UV radiation easily passes through the glass walls of a greenhouse and is absorbed by the plants and hard surfaces inside. However, weaker IR radiation has difficulty passing through the glass walls and is trapped inside, thus warming the greenhouse. This effect lets tropical plants thrive inside a greenhouse, even during a cold winter.

Water pollution may be defined as the alteration in physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water which may cause harmful effects on humans and aquatic life.
Measure to control water pollution is that industrial plants should be based on recycling operations as it helps to prevent disposal of wastes into natural waters but also extraction of products from waste.

Water pollution may be defined as the alteration in physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water which may cause harmful effects on humans and aquatic life.
Water pollutants are sewage waste, industrial effluents and chemicals, oil, and other wastes. So the correct option is D.

The ozone hole is caused by the effect of pollutants in the atmosphere destroying stratospheric ozone. During the Antarctic winter, something special happens to the Antarctic weather.

Firstly, strong circular winds form that blow around the whole continent, this is known as the "polar vortex" -  this isolates the air over Antarctica from the rest of the world.

Secondly, special clouds form called polar stratospheric clouds. Clouds don't normally form in the stratosphere and these turn out to have the effect of concentrating the pollutants that break down the ozone, so speeding the process up.

The Mathura Refinery, owned by Indian Oil Corporation, is located in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh. The Mathura oil refinery releases toxic gases and disposes waste into the rivers making the area dirty and unhealthy. Even the Taj Mahal is getting affected because of this. The Indian government hired a panel to examine the effects of the refinery on the Taj Mahal. The panel found that the air has high levels of suspended particulate matter, caused by factory emissions, dust, construction, and exhaust from automobiles. These are causing the Taj Mahal to change colour.

Global warming is among the most serious outcome of industrial pollution, witnessed on the account of the steady rise of industrial activities. Industries release into the atmosphere a variety of greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide $$(CO_2)$$ and methane $$(CH_4)$$. These gases absorb thermal radiation from the sun thereby increasing the general temperature of the earth, leading to global warming.

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (examples are lakes, rivers, oceans,, and groundwater). This form of environmental degradation occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.