Excretory Products and their Elimination Test - 3

The urinary bladder is a hollow elastic organ that functions as the body's urine storage tank. Urine produced by the kidneys flows through the ureters to the urinary bladder, where is it stored before passing into the urethra and exiting the body.

On the medial margin of the kidney is concave region called the renal hilum. The renal hilum is the entrance to the renal sinus. Structures such as the renal veins, artery, nerves and lymphatic vessels are located in the renal hilum.

Inside the kidney, there are two zones, an outer cortex and an inner medulla. The cortex extends in between the medullary pyramids as renal columns called columns of Bertini.

The efferent arteriole emerging from the glomerulus forms a fine capillary network around the renal tubule called the peritubular capillaries.

A minute vessel of this network runs parallel to the Henle’s loop forming a ‘U’ shaped vasa recta. Vasa recta is absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons.

Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant body temperature. It is mainly maintained by excretion and osmoregulation, which is the function of kidney.

The excretory system in human consistsof a pair of kidneys, one pair of ureters, aurinary bladder and a urethra. Kidneys are reddish brown, bean shaped structures situated between the levels of last thoracic and third lumbarvertebra close to the dorsal inner wall of the abdominal cavity.