Chemical Coordination and Integration Test - 4

Adrenal medulla consists of a cluster of sympathetic nerves and those cells are also known as chromaffin cells. Adrenal medulla is part of the adrenal gland located at the center of the adrenal gland.

Thymus gland produces a hormone called thymosin which stimulates the T-cells. T-cells help in producing antibodies in the bodies. In older people weaker immune power is due to degeneration of thymus gland.

Leptin hormone acts on hypothalamus to decrease food intake, stimulate satiety and increase energy output. Leptin hormone is made by adipose cells.

Thyroid is the largest endocrine gland present in human body. This gland release thyroxin hormone that help in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain. In helps regulate other hormones and maintains the body circadian rhythm. Abnormally high levels of melatonin is children causes delayed sexual development.

The process of parturition begins after completion of gestation period. The muscles present in uterus start contracting due to release of hormone relaxin and Oxytocin.

Hormones are generally protein components having amino acids as well as steroids. Hormones are generally not monosaccharide derivatives in nature.

A gland that contain both exocrine and endocrine portion is called mixed or composite gland. These glands secretes both hormone and enzymes. Pineal gland is an example of endocrine gland.

The hormone secreted by pars intemedia of hypophysis is melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH). MSH is a peptide hormone also knownas melanotropins.

Parathormoneis a polypeptide hormone. Oxytocin is peptide hormone. Sex hormone is a steroid hormone and Norepinephrine is a amino acid derivative.

The body keeps its core temperature constant at about 37o Celsius by physiological adjustment controlled by hypothalamus, so called thermostat center

Melatonin hormone is secreted by Pineal Gland.

Mammary glands start releasing milk after parturition. The hormone causing release of milk after the birth of young one is Oxytocin.

The name glucocorticoid (glucose + cortex + steroid) is composed from its role in regulation of glucose metabolism, synthesis in the adrenal cortex, and its steroidal structure.

The principal glucocorticoid hormone is cortisol, which regulates the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Follicle stimulating hormone acts on sertoli cells. Luteinsing hormone acts on interstitial cells. Cortisol cells acts on liver and Aldosterone hormone acts on kidney tubule.