English Test-2

Beauty is a valuable commodity in our image-obsessed society, so it 's not surprising that Miss Indias and Miss Worlds make headlines. These young women aren 't just beautiful; they 're most often thin too. But Chloe Marshall, the 2008 Miss England runner-up, was size 16 ("full- figured "or "ample,"to put it politely) and therefore made even more news. A full-figured beauty pageant finalist creating a stop-the-press moment highlights the fact that larger women are not usually considered "the fairest of them all."Indeed, pick up a magazine or newspaper on any other day and the message is loud and clear -thin is in. With the average woman hovering around a size 14 or above, the comparison is odious. A recent survey revealed only six percent of women aged 18 to 64 were "very satisfied "with their looks. That leaves 94 percent of women critical of their appearance. In other words, the majority of the women sitting with you in the metro this morning woke up feeling judgmental and negative about their looks. "If every woman in the world woke up, slapped herself on the head and said: 'I 'm happy with who I am,'entire economies would collapse,"says Jane Caro, an award-winning advertising writer.
The media is often portrayed as the bogeyman in the body-image debate, but experts say it 's only part of the picture. Paxton notes women are getting messages from family from an early age. The way in which parents view their bodies impacts their children 's attitudes. "A mother who is always dieting or being critical of her body is sending a clear message to her daughters,"says Tiggemann. "That sense of body dissatisfaction is passed on."The anti-obesity push is also unhelpful. "It 's shifted the focus away from health and onto weight and looks,"she says. "It 's perpetuating the notion that fat is bad, thin is good, and thinner is better."And it 's a notion that has recently been proved to be untrue.

Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?

Beauty is a valuable commodity in our image-obsessed society, so it 's not surprising that Miss Indias and Miss Worlds make headlines. These young women aren 't just beautiful; they 're most often thin too. But Chloe Marshall, the 2008 Miss England runner-up, was size 16 ("full- figured "or "ample,"to put it politely) and therefore made even more news. A full-figured beauty pageant finalist creating a stop-the-press moment highlights the fact that larger women are not usually considered "the fairest of them all."Indeed, pick up a magazine or newspaper on any other day and the message is loud and clear -thin is in. With the average woman hovering around a size 14 or above, the comparison is odious. A recent survey revealed only six percent of women aged 18 to 64 were "very satisfied "with their looks. That leaves 94 percent of women critical of their appearance. In other words, the majority of the women sitting with you in the metro this morning woke up feeling judgmental and negative about their looks. "If every woman in the world woke up, slapped herself on the head and said: 'I 'm happy with who I am,'entire economies would collapse,"says Jane Caro, an award-winning advertising writer.
The media is often portrayed as the bogeyman in the body-image debate, but experts say it 's only part of the picture. Paxton notes women are getting messages from family from an early age. The way in which parents view their bodies impacts their children 's attitudes. "A mother who is always dieting or being critical of her body is sending a clear message to her daughters,"says Tiggemann. "That sense of body dissatisfaction is passed on."The anti-obesity push is also unhelpful. "It 's shifted the focus away from health and onto weight and looks,"she says. "It 's perpetuating the notion that fat is bad, thin is good, and thinner is better."And it 's a notion that has recently been proved to be untrue.

Why did Chloe Marshall make headlines?

Beauty is a valuable commodity in our image-obsessed society, so it 's not surprising that Miss Indias and Miss Worlds make headlines. These young women aren 't just beautiful; they 're most often thin too. But Chloe Marshall, the 2008 Miss England runner-up, was size 16 ("full- figured "or "ample,"to put it politely) and therefore made even more news. A full-figured beauty pageant finalist creating a stop-the-press moment highlights the fact that larger women are not usually considered "the fairest of them all."Indeed, pick up a magazine or newspaper on any other day and the message is loud and clear -thin is in. With the average woman hovering around a size 14 or above, the comparison is odious. A recent survey revealed only six percent of women aged 18 to 64 were "very satisfied "with their looks. That leaves 94 percent of women critical of their appearance. In other words, the majority of the women sitting with you in the metro this morning woke up feeling judgmental and negative about their looks. "If every woman in the world woke up, slapped herself on the head and said: 'I 'm happy with who I am,'entire economies would collapse,"says Jane Caro, an award-winning advertising writer.
The media is often portrayed as the bogeyman in the body-image debate, but experts say it 's only part of the picture. Paxton notes women are getting messages from family from an early age. The way in which parents view their bodies impacts their children 's attitudes. "A mother who is always dieting or being critical of her body is sending a clear message to her daughters,"says Tiggemann. "That sense of body dissatisfaction is passed on."The anti-obesity push is also unhelpful. "It 's shifted the focus away from health and onto weight and looks,"she says. "It 's perpetuating the notion that fat is bad, thin is good, and thinner is better."And it 's a notion that has recently been proved to be untrue.

Which notion is being talked about in the last line of  the passage?

Beauty is a valuable commodity in our image-obsessed society, so it 's not surprising that Miss Indias and Miss Worlds make headlines. These young women aren 't just beautiful; they 're most often thin too. But Chloe Marshall, the 2008 Miss England runner-up, was size 16 ("full- figured "or "ample,"to put it politely) and therefore made even more news. A full-figured beauty pageant finalist creating a stop-the-press moment highlights the fact that larger women are not usually considered "the fairest of them all."Indeed, pick up a magazine or newspaper on any other day and the message is loud and clear -thin is in. With the average woman hovering around a size 14 or above, the comparison is odious. A recent survey revealed only six percent of women aged 18 to 64 were "very satisfied "with their looks. That leaves 94 percent of women critical of their appearance. In other words, the majority of the women sitting with you in the metro this morning woke up feeling judgmental and negative about their looks. "If every woman in the world woke up, slapped herself on the head and said: 'I 'm happy with who I am,'entire economies would collapse,"says Jane Caro, an award-winning advertising writer.
The media is often portrayed as the bogeyman in the body-image debate, but experts say it 's only part of the picture. Paxton notes women are getting messages from family from an early age. The way in which parents view their bodies impacts their children 's attitudes. "A mother who is always dieting or being critical of her body is sending a clear message to her daughters,"says Tiggemann. "That sense of body dissatisfaction is passed on."The anti-obesity push is also unhelpful. "It 's shifted the focus away from health and onto weight and looks,"she says. "It 's perpetuating the notion that fat is bad, thin is good, and thinner is better."And it 's a notion that has recently been proved to be untrue.

Which of the following is the author most likely to agree with?
A. Beauty is given great importance in today 's society.
B. Only a few women are happy the way they look.
C. Media is considered the Lilliputian character that is responsible for the body-image debate.

Beauty is a valuable commodity in our image-obsessed society, so it 's not surprising that Miss Indias and Miss Worlds make headlines. These young women aren 't just beautiful; they 're most often thin too. But Chloe Marshall, the 2008 Miss England runner-up, was size 16 ("full- figured "or "ample,"to put it politely) and therefore made even more news. A full-figured beauty pageant finalist creating a stop-the-press moment highlights the fact that larger women are not usually considered "the fairest of them all."Indeed, pick up a magazine or newspaper on any other day and the message is loud and clear -thin is in. With the average woman hovering around a size 14 or above, the comparison is odious. A recent survey revealed only six percent of women aged 18 to 64 were "very satisfied "with their looks. That leaves 94 percent of women critical of their appearance. In other words, the majority of the women sitting with you in the metro this morning woke up feeling judgmental and negative about their looks. "If every woman in the world woke up, slapped herself on the head and said: 'I 'm happy with who I am,'entire economies would collapse,"says Jane Caro, an award-winning advertising writer.
The media is often portrayed as the bogeyman in the body-image debate, but experts say it 's only part of the picture. Paxton notes women are getting messages from family from an early age. The way in which parents view their bodies impacts their children 's attitudes. "A mother who is always dieting or being critical of her body is sending a clear message to her daughters,"says Tiggemann. "That sense of body dissatisfaction is passed on."The anti-obesity push is also unhelpful. "It 's shifted the focus away from health and onto weight and looks,"she says. "It 's perpetuating the notion that fat is bad, thin is good, and thinner is better."And it 's a notion that has recently been proved to be untrue.

Which of the following is the synonym of the word "odious "?

In the wake of the varying forms which the idea of the end of history has taken, the intellectual history of disillusionment and resignation has been countered with a Leftist framework. But, with almost 10 million nonwhite people in the EU, the rising number of impoverished masses in Brazil, or in South Asia, as well as the problems of health and illiteracy, the Left has a formidable task before it; issues concerning economic deprivation, the brutalisation of workers, increasing spending on nuclear enhancement and the need for all ethnic minorities to explicitly feature in a pluralistic vision needs to be the foundation of any reinvention of the Left.
The long drawn out economic and political tensions, for instance, in Latin America have moved the Hugo Chavez, Fidel Castro and Evo Morales trio towards an international agenda for social reconstruction within which socialism does not need to be replaced but must be put forward as a programme to salvage a world from inequality and the abuse of power, especially the hegemony of the White House. They have together constructed a progressive alliance, insisting on a collective leadership that endorses the rich diversity of radical and socialist traditions.
In a drastically damaged world in which received political ideologies have been exhausted, anti-imperialist agenda and far-reaching remedies have been initiated in Bolivia, Cuba and Venezuela to check the erratic play of market forces. Chavez has been particularly hard hitting through his move of cutting off oil supplies to the US and his unquestionable allegiance with Castro. He has not hesitated to build trade relations with China and to back Iran 's nuclear ambitions. The dream of an anti-imperialist union has finally come true by the induction of Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay, Peru and Chile into the club headed by Castro and Chavez, and underpinned by the age-old vision for a strong Leftist opposition to the interventionist policies of the U.S. Inspired by great heroes like Simon Bolivar and Che Guevara, Chavez has been fighting for regional integration and a society that bases itself on the ideology of the new South American Left.

What issues, according to the passage, should form the basis for the Left to rise and be counted?

In the wake of the varying forms which the idea of the end of history has taken, the intellectual history of disillusionment and resignation has been countered with a Leftist framework. But, with almost 10 million nonwhite people in the EU, the rising number of impoverished masses in Brazil, or in South Asia, as well as the problems of health and illiteracy, the Left has a formidable task before it; issues concerning economic deprivation, the brutalisation of workers, increasing spending on nuclear enhancement and the need for all ethnic minorities to explicitly feature in a pluralistic vision needs to be the foundation of any reinvention of the Left.
The long drawn out economic and political tensions, for instance, in Latin America have moved the Hugo Chavez, Fidel Castro and Evo Morales trio towards an international agenda for social reconstruction within which socialism does not need to be replaced but must be put forward as a programme to salvage a world from inequality and the abuse of power, especially the hegemony of the White House. They have together constructed a progressive alliance, insisting on a collective leadership that endorses the rich diversity of radical and socialist traditions.
In a drastically damaged world in which received political ideologies have been exhausted, anti-imperialist agenda and far-reaching remedies have been initiated in Bolivia, Cuba and Venezuela to check the erratic play of market forces. Chavez has been particularly hard hitting through his move of cutting off oil supplies to the US and his unquestionable allegiance with Castro. He has not hesitated to build trade relations with China and to back Iran 's nuclear ambitions. The dream of an anti-imperialist union has finally come true by the induction of Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay, Peru and Chile into the club headed by Castro and Chavez, and underpinned by the age-old vision for a strong Leftist opposition to the interventionist policies of the U.S. Inspired by great heroes like Simon Bolivar and Che Guevara, Chavez has been fighting for regional integration and a society that bases itself on the ideology of the new South American Left.

What do you feel is the political ideology of leaders like Hugo Chavez, Fidel Castro and Evo Morales?

In the wake of the varying forms which the idea of the end of history has taken, the intellectual history of disillusionment and resignation has been countered with a Leftist framework. But, with almost 10 million nonwhite people in the EU, the rising number of impoverished masses in Brazil, or in South Asia, as well as the problems of health and illiteracy, the Left has a formidable task before it; issues concerning economic deprivation, the brutalisation of workers, increasing spending on nuclear enhancement and the need for all ethnic minorities to explicitly feature in a pluralistic vision needs to be the foundation of any reinvention of the Left.
The long drawn out economic and political tensions, for instance, in Latin America have moved the Hugo Chavez, Fidel Castro and Evo Morales trio towards an international agenda for social reconstruction within which socialism does not need to be replaced but must be put forward as a programme to salvage a world from inequality and the abuse of power, especially the hegemony of the White House. They have together constructed a progressive alliance, insisting on a collective leadership that endorses the rich diversity of radical and socialist traditions.
In a drastically damaged world in which received political ideologies have been exhausted, anti-imperialist agenda and far-reaching remedies have been initiated in Bolivia, Cuba and Venezuela to check the erratic play of market forces. Chavez has been particularly hard hitting through his move of cutting off oil supplies to the US and his unquestionable allegiance with Castro. He has not hesitated to build trade relations with China and to back Iran 's nuclear ambitions. The dream of an anti-imperialist union has finally come true by the induction of Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay, Peru and Chile into the club headed by Castro and Chavez, and underpinned by the age-old vision for a strong Leftist opposition to the interventionist policies of the U.S. Inspired by great heroes like Simon Bolivar and Che Guevara, Chavez has been fighting for regional integration and a society that bases itself on the ideology of the new South American Left.

Why have remedial measures been taken in Bolivia, Cuba and Venezuela?

In the wake of the varying forms which the idea of the end of history has taken, the intellectual history of disillusionment and resignation has been countered with a Leftist framework. But, with almost 10 million nonwhite people in the EU, the rising number of impoverished masses in Brazil, or in South Asia, as well as the problems of health and illiteracy, the Left has a formidable task before it; issues concerning economic deprivation, the brutalisation of workers, increasing spending on nuclear enhancement and the need for all ethnic minorities to explicitly feature in a pluralistic vision needs to be the foundation of any reinvention of the Left.
The long drawn out economic and political tensions, for instance, in Latin America have moved the Hugo Chavez, Fidel Castro and Evo Morales trio towards an international agenda for social reconstruction within which socialism does not need to be replaced but must be put forward as a programme to salvage a world from inequality and the abuse of power, especially the hegemony of the White House. They have together constructed a progressive alliance, insisting on a collective leadership that endorses the rich diversity of radical and socialist traditions.
In a drastically damaged world in which received political ideologies have been exhausted, anti-imperialist agenda and far-reaching remedies have been initiated in Bolivia, Cuba and Venezuela to check the erratic play of market forces. Chavez has been particularly hard hitting through his move of cutting off oil supplies to the US and his unquestionable allegiance with Castro. He has not hesitated to build trade relations with China and to back Iran 's nuclear ambitions. The dream of an anti-imperialist union has finally come true by the induction of Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay, Peru and Chile into the club headed by Castro and Chavez, and underpinned by the age-old vision for a strong Leftist opposition to the interventionist policies of the U.S. Inspired by great heroes like Simon Bolivar and Che Guevara, Chavez has been fighting for regional integration and a society that bases itself on the ideology of the new South American Left.

What has Chavez been struggling for?

In the wake of the varying forms which the idea of the end of history has taken, the intellectual history of disillusionment and resignation has been countered with a Leftist framework. But, with almost 10 million nonwhite people in the EU, the rising number of impoverished masses in Brazil, or in South Asia, as well as the problems of health and illiteracy, the Left has a formidable task before it; issues concerning economic deprivation, the brutalisation of workers, increasing spending on nuclear enhancement and the need for all ethnic minorities to explicitly feature in a pluralistic vision needs to be the foundation of any reinvention of the Left.
The long drawn out economic and political tensions, for instance, in Latin America have moved the Hugo Chavez, Fidel Castro and Evo Morales trio towards an international agenda for social reconstruction within which socialism does not need to be replaced but must be put forward as a programme to salvage a world from inequality and the abuse of power, especially the hegemony of the White House. They have together constructed a progressive alliance, insisting on a collective leadership that endorses the rich diversity of radical and socialist traditions.
In a drastically damaged world in which received political ideologies have been exhausted, anti-imperialist agenda and far-reaching remedies have been initiated in Bolivia, Cuba and Venezuela to check the erratic play of market forces. Chavez has been particularly hard hitting through his move of cutting off oil supplies to the US and his unquestionable allegiance with Castro. He has not hesitated to build trade relations with China and to back Iran 's nuclear ambitions. The dream of an anti-imperialist union has finally come true by the induction of Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay, Peru and Chile into the club headed by Castro and Chavez, and underpinned by the age-old vision for a strong Leftist opposition to the interventionist policies of the U.S. Inspired by great heroes like Simon Bolivar and Che Guevara, Chavez has been fighting for regional integration and a society that bases itself on the ideology of the new South American Left.

Hegemony means