Human Reproduction Test - 4

Primary Sex Organ of Female: Ovary

• Primary sex organs , also known as gonads, are responsible for the production of gametes (sex cells) and sex hormones in both males and females. In females, the primary sex organs are the ovaries .

Ovaries perform the following functions:

• Produce female gametes or ova (eggs) through a process called oogenesis.
• Secrete female sex hormones, mainly estrogen and progesterone, which play crucial roles in the development of secondary sexual characteristics, regulation of the menstrual cycle, and maintenance of pregnancy.

The other options, vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes, are considered secondary or accessory sex organs in females. They play vital roles in the reproductive process but do not produce gametes or sex hormones:

• Vagina: The muscular canal that connects the uterus to the external genitalia; serves as the birth canal and a passageway for menstrual blood and sperm.
• Uterus: A hollow, muscular organ where fertilized eggs implant and develop into a fetus during pregnancy.
• Fallopian tubes: The tubes through which ova travel from the ovaries to the uterus; the usual site for fertilization of the egg by sperm

In conclusion, the ovary is the primary sex organ of females as it is responsible for producing gametes (ova) and secreting sex hormones, while the other options play accessory roles in the female reproductive system.

NCERT Reference: Topic “THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ”of chapter: Human Reproduction of NCERT.

• Male accessory glands secrete seminal plasma. A pair of seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands, and a prostate gland are among the male accessory glands.
• Seminal plasma is made up of secretions from these glands and is high in fructose , calcium , and enzymes.
• It is the fluid part of the sperm-ejaculated.  
• It aids in the movement of sperm from the testes to the female genital tract.

Hence, the correct option is A.

NCERT Reference: topic “THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ”of chapter: Human Reproduction.

• The external genitalia are accessory structures of female reproductive system that are external to vagina they are also referred to as vulva or pudendum.
• The external genitalia includes thelabia majora, mons pubis, labia minora, clitoris and glands within vestibules.
  

Hence, the correct option is B.

NCERT Reference: Topic  "THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ”of chapter "Human Reproduction of NCERT

The primary sex organ of human males is the Testis.
Testis:

Male Reproductive System:

Fig : Image of primary sex organ in male i.e. Testes

• The testis is a major male reproductive organ that produces sperm and hormones, primarily testosterone.
• Testes are located in the scrotum, a pouch-like structure that hangs outside the body, which helps maintain an optimal temperature for sperm production.
• Testes consist of numerous seminiferous tubules where sperm cells are produced through a process called spermatogenesis.
• The hormone testosterone produced by the testes is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as facial hair, deepening of the voice, and muscle growth in males.
• Testes also produce inhibin, a hormone that regulates sperm production by inhibiting the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

NCERT Reference: Topic “THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ”of chapter: Human Reproduction

The innermost lining of the uterus is called the  endometrium . It is the spongy layer that breaks down during the menstrual cycle along with mucus through the vagina.

Female Reproductive System:

Hence, the correct option is B.

NCERT Reference:  topic “THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ”of chapter: Human Reproduction.

• Each testis contains about 250 compartments called testicular lobules .
• Each testicular lobule contains one to three highly coiled seminiferous tubules that produce sperms.

Fig : Image showing testicular lobules consists of seminiferous tubules. 

Hence, the correct option is D.

NCERT Reference:  topic “THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ”of chapter: Human Reproduction.

• Sertoli cell is the “nurse ”in testes that regulates the process of spermatogenesis, germ cell proliferation and differentiation.
• One Sertoli cell supports a certain number of germ cells during these processes. 

Fig: Sertoli cells with embedded sperms

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference:  Topic “THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ”of chapter: Human Reproduction.

• Seminiferous tubules of testis open into the vasa efferentia through rete testis.
• Rete testis is a network of tubules inside the testis to store the sperm temporarily.

Fig : Image showing rete testes which stores sperm temporarily  

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference:  Topic “THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ”of chapter: Human Reproduction.

• Interstitial cells or Leydig cells are found adjacent to seminiferous tubules in the testicles.
• They produce testosterone in the presence of luteinizing hormones.
• Leydig cells are polyhedral in shape and have a large prominent nucleus, an eosinophilic cytoplasm and numerous lipid-filled vesicles.
• Leydig cells synthesise and secrete testicular hormones called androgens.

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: topic “THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ”of chapter: Human Reproduction .

• Graafian follicle is the follicular stage following the first meiotic division but before ovulation.
• Each graafian follicle consists of a maturing  ovum.
• It also consists of an antrum and follicular cells.

Structure of  Graafian follicle:

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Topic “GAMETOGENESIS ”of chapter: Human Reproduction .