Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 2

Genetic information is carried out by DNA and RNA. Both DNA and RNA are called genetic material, made up of long chain of nucleotide having-nitrogenous base, sugar and phosphate ions.

Nucleoproteins are the chromosome made up of DNA, some RNA and histone proteins. They act as genetic material in living cells.

In complementary strands of DNA, purines and pyrimidine are held together by Hydrogen bond (H-bond). Adenine and Thymine have double hydrogen bond and cytosine and guanine are held by triple hydrogen bond.

In mature RBCs nucleus is absent and there is no DNA. Mature DNA do not divide to form new cells.

In the process of transcription RNA polymerase is only capable of elongation.
Initiation factor sigma helps in the process of initiation while termination factor Rho is helping in termination of the process.
So the correct option is 'Elongation'.

The strand of DNA that forms mRNA is called the template strand or the antisense strand. During transcription, the DNA molecule unwinds, and one of the strands (the template strand) is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule, which is called messenger RNA (mRNA). The other strand of DNA, which is not used as a template during transcription, is called the coding strand or the sense strand because it has the same sequence as the mRNA molecule (except for the presence of thymine instead of uracil).

Codon is triplet means made up three nucleotides. Each codon codes for one amino acid to form proteins during protein synthesis.

Code AUG code for Methionine. In all organism first amino acid coded is methionine by codon AUG.

Protein synthesis occurs over ribosomes which are also called protein factories of cell. Each ribosomes have two parts 40S and 60S in eukaryotes and 30S and 50S in prokaryotes.

Okazaki discovered the way in which the lagging strand of DNA is replicated via fragments by conducting an experiment using E. coli named the strand Okazaki fragment. Okazaki fragments are the fragmented piece of newly synthesized DNA strand called as lagging strand during DNA replication. They are complementary to the lagging template strand, together forming short double-stranded DNA sections.