Human Health & Disease Test - 11

Hallucinogens
Examples:  LSD, Mescalin, psilocybin, Bhang (Hashish), Ganja Charas, Marijuana
Effects:  Alters thought, feelings and perceptions cause illusions.

Cannabis Plant: Female flowers used for extraction of hallucinogenic narcotics-hashish, charas, marijuana, bhang, ganja, etc. alter thoughts, feelings and perceptions; causes addiction.

Sertumer, a pharmacist isolated the active principle of opium in 1806 and named it morphine. Morphine is a phenanthrene opioid receptor agonist, its main effect is binding to and activating the u-opioid receptors in the central nervous system. In clinical settings, morphine exerts its principal pharmacological effect on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Its primary actions of therapeutic value are analgesic and sedation.

Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant drug that has been used since the early 1980s to prevent organ rejection after transplantation such as a liver transplant.

Opiate narcotic use as a analgesic for example morphine.

The dried leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant are known as marijuana, which can be smoked (through a pipe or  bong  or hand-rolled into a  joint ) or taken orally with food (baked in cookies).

Stimulants, sometimes called “uppers,”temporarily increase alertness and energy. The most commonly used street drugs that fall into this category are cocaine and amphetamines.

Cocaine is a stimulant which temporeory stimulate cardio vascular activity.

Cannabinoids are obtained from  Cannabis sativa. The parts of this plant are used for various purposes like to reduce stress and relieve pain. But the side effects of this drug overpower its medical benefits and sometimes it is abused by people.

A. consumption of alcohol may lead to accumulation of acetaldehyde in the liver. Acetaldehyde is the product of ethanol metabolism in the liver and it covalently binds to a variety of protein hence, altering liver function and structure. 

B. Consumption of alcohol may lead to the synthesis of fat in liver. Due to heavy drinking, liver reduces its capacity to process most toxins, including fats which ultimately leads to fatty liver.

C. Consumption of alcohol also leads to lowering of blood glucose level of the body. Moderate amount of alcohol may cause the blood sugar to rise, whereas the excess lead to decrease in blood sugar level.