Biotechnology Test - 4

M.S. Swaminathan is known as father of green revolution. Green revolution increased the food production about three times the previous one. Use of hybrid seeds, fertilizers and modern method of agriculture results this achievement.

Golden rice is enriched in Vitamin A. This variety of rice is obtained by adding gene into wild variety that produces vitamin A enriched seeds.

Bt toxin is obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium that can kill certain insects like tobacco budworm, armyworm, beetles and flies.

Bt toxin is coded by a gene named Cry. There are a number of them, the protein encoded by these cryIAc and cryIIAb control the cotton bollworms.

Specific Bt toxin gene is isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into several crop plants. The protein encoded by gene CryI Ab controls corn borer.

RNA interference (RNAi) is present in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. This method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to complementary dsRNA molecules that binds and prevents translation of the mRNA.

Cry gene is present in plasmid of bacterium. This gene can be easily separated from plasmid and included into another crops to provide resistance against pests and insects.

Pectin present in cell wall of plant cell is responsible for hardness of fruit coat. Polygalacturonase is induced into the fruit that degrade the pectin and soften the fruit.

Biofortification is the method to enhance the nutritional value of seeds by changing the gene of the crop that produces more protein, vitamins or other nutrient.

Successful graft reaction can be done by using Xenotransplantation to get two kinds of products from single plant.