Biotechnology Test - 5

Genetically modified plants are more tolerant to abiotic stress like cold, drought, heat etc. GM plants enhance nutritional value of food such as vitamin A enriched rice. Genetically modified plants are not carcinogenic or cancer causing.

Insulin is a hormone released by pancreas that control sugar level in blood. Diabetic patients take insulin in form of injection to control blood sugar level.

Earlier time insulin required for controlling blood sugar was obtained from slaughtered cattle and pigs. This insulin caused allergy in diabetic patients.

Through DNA sequencing, genomic information is used to create maps of the DNA of different organisms. RED Biotechnology, or the use of biological agents for technological progression, has applications in medicine, agriculture, and in industry, which include processes such as fermentation and the production of biofuels.

First gene therapy was done in 1990 to a 4 year old girl with a ADA deficiency. ADA enzyme is essential for proper functioning of immune system.

ELISA is abbreviation of Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. It is used to detected the disease at early stage.

A collection of methods that allows the correction of a gene that has been diagnosed in a child/embryo is called gene therapy. It consists of various processes. In this, the defective genes are corrected and replaced with normal, healthy genes.

In 1983, the American company Eli Lily prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B and introduced into plasmid of E.coli to produce insulin chain.

An antibody is protein or glycoprotein produced by our body due to infection from microbes.

The first transgenic cow is Rosie which produced human protein riched milk having alpha-lactalbumin, which is more balanced than conventional cow ’s milk.

Transgenic animals have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express foreign gene. Transgenic cow, rat, rabbits and fish have been produced.

Dolly sheep is made by implanting oocyte at blastocyst stage into uterus of surrogate mother for further development.

Transgenic organisms produce useful biological products. Human protein α-1-antitrypsin is used to treat emphysema is also obtained from transgenic animal.

Transgenic animals are made to carry gene that make them sensitive to toxic substance than non-transgenic animals and exposed to toxic substance. Toxicity testing in transgenic animals allows us to obtain results in less time.

Biopiracy is the use of biological resources without proper authorization from country or people concerned without compensate payment.