Chemistry Test ...

Directions: Read the following passage carefully:

Werner's theory was the pioneer to explain the bonding in coordinate complexes. According to his theory, there are two types of valences associated with central metal ions i.e. primary valency and secondary valency. But this theory was not able to predict the properties of coordinate complexes. VBT does have some advantages over Werner's theory but still is having some significant drawbacks. Crystal field splitting theory and ligand field splitting theory got great success in depicting the properties of complexes with higher accuracy. CFST states that when ligands approach the isolated metal ion then the ligand's field splits the degenerated d-orbitals of the isolated metal ion into the states of higher and lower energy with a forbidden energy gap in between.

Consider the following statements regarding the types of solutions:

(A) Aqueous solutions have water as the solvent.

(B) Solid solutions can be liquid in nature.

(C) All solutions are homogenous in nature.

(D) A solution is a mixture of two or more substances.

Consider the following statements regarding electrochemical cells:

(A) In a galvanic cell, the anode is the site of reduction.

(B) The cathode is the site of oxidation in an electrolytic cell.

(C) In a galvanic cell, spontaneous redox reactions generate electrical energy.

(D) The standard electrode potential of a cell can be determined by the Nernst equation.

Consider the following statements about electrolytic cells:

(A) Electrolytic cells are used for electroplating.

(B) The cathode is positive, and the anode is negative in an electrolytic cell.

(C) Electrolytic cells require an external power source to drive non-spontaneous reactions.

(D) In electrolytic cells, reduction occurs at the anode.

Consider the following statements about the Nernst equation:

(A) The Nernst equation relates the cell potential to the concentration of ions in the solution.

(B) The Nernst equation applies only to galvanic cells.

(C) The Nernst equation can be used to calculate the electrode potential under non-standard conditions.

(D) The Nernst equation is applicable only at standard temperature (25°C).