Political Science Test - 25

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states, of which 28 are in Europe and the other 2 in North America. On 4th April, 1949.

The US and the USSR decided to collaborate in limiting or eliminating certain kinds of nuclear and non-nuclear weapons. A stable balance of weapon, they decided, could be maintained through 'arms control'. Starting in the 1960s, the two sides signed significant agreements, namely, Limited Test Ban Treaty, Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, and Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

With Cuba's proximity to the United States, Castro and his regime became an important Cold War ally for the Soviets. The relationship was for the most part economic, with the Soviet Union providing military, economic, and political assistance to Cuba

The Anti-arrack Movement was started in Andhra Pradesh and demanded prohibition on the sale of arrack (alcohol). 'Dalit Panthers' was the organisation with the aim to unite the Dalits and to bring them into their fold.

The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis of 1962, the Caribbean Crisis, or the Missile Scare, was a one-month, four-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union.

During the 1974 riots, the government had many differences with the judiciary. Three constitutional issues had emerged. Firstly, can the Parliament abridge fundamental rights? The Supreme Court said it cannot. Secondly, can the Parliament curtail the right to property by making an amendment? Again, the Court said that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution in such a manner that rights are curtailed. Thirdly, the Parliament amended the Constitution saying that it can abridge fundamental rights for giving effect to Directive Principles, but the Supreme Court rejected this provision also. This led to a crisis as far as the relations between the government and the judiciary were concerned. This crisis culminated in the famous Kesavananda Bharati Case. In this case, the Court gave a decision that there are some basic features of the Constitution and the Parliament cannot amend these features.

Kwame Nkrumah was a Ghanaian politician, political theorist, and revolutionary. He was the first Prime Minister and President of Ghana, having led the Gold Coast to independence from Britain in 1957.

Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924.

Before 1947, Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) was a princely state. Its Hindu ruler, Hari Singh, did not want to merge with India and tried to negotiate with India and Pakistan to have an independent status for his state. The Pakistani leaders thought the Kashmir region 'belonged' to Pakistan, since majority population of the state was Muslim, but this was not how the people themselves saw it – they thought of themselves as Kashmiris above all. Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah of the National Conference led a popular movement in the state to get rid of the Maharaja. He agitated against the rule of Maharaja Hari Singh and urged self-rule for Kashmir. He became the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir following the 1974 Indira-Sheikh accord and remained in the top slot till his death on 8 September 1982.

The Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) came into being on 16 April, 1948. The organisation was created to allocate and distribute Marshall Plan aid and to plan for and effect a European Recovery Programme (ERP) for the countries of Western Europe.