International Organisation Test - 1

The correct answer is the International Civil Aviation Organisation.

Key Points

• The International Civil Aviation Organisation is a specialized agency and was established on 4th October 1947. Its headquarters in Montreal, Canada.
• It changes the principles and techniques of international air navigation.
• It also fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safety and orderly growth.

Additional Information

• The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons.

The correct answer is Amnesty International.

Key Points

• Amnesty International is a non-governmental organization based in London, United Kingdom
• It was established in 1961 after the famous Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948.
• It works for protection, promotion and research of Human Rights
• It was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1977.

The correct answer is World Trade Organization.

• International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established on 27th December 1945.
  •  International Monetary Fund was the result of the Bretton Woods Conference.
  • The current head of the International Monetary Fund is Kristaline Georgieva.
  •  Currently, 190 countries are members of the International Monetary Fund.
• World Bank was established in July 1944.
  • The World Bank consists of two institutions:-
  • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
  • International Development Association (IDA).
  • The motto of the World Bank is working for a world free of poverty.
  • The headquarter of the world bank is in Washington D. C.
  • The current President of the World Bank is David Malpass.
• World Trade Organisation (WTO) was formed on 1st January 1995.
  • World Trade Organisation replaced the General Agreement on Trade and Tariff (GATT) on 15th April 1994.
  • The headquarter of the World Trade Organisation is in Geneva, Switzerland.
• International Finance Corporation (IFC) was established on 20th July 1956.
  • The headquarter of International Finance Corporation is in Washington D. C.
  • The current president of International Finance Corporation is Philippe LE Houerou.
  • International Finance Corporation is a member of the World Bank Group.
  • Currently, 184 countries are members of the International Finance Corporation.

Image of World Bank Logo

The correct answer is Médecins Sans Frontières.

Important Points

• Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF):
  • It translates to Doctors without Borders.
  • It is an international, independent medical humanitarian organisation.
  • MSF provides medical assistance to countries, in emergency situations caused by armed conflict, epidemics and disasters.
  • MSF was founded in Paris by a group of journalists and doctors in 1971.
  • It has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.

The Second International (1889–1916) was an organisation of socialist and labour parties, formed on 14 July 1889 at a Paris meeting in which delegations from twenty countries participated. 

• The Second International continued the work of the dissolved First International, though excluding the powerful anarcho-syndicalist movement and trade unions.
• In 1922, the Second International began to reorganise into the Labour and Socialist International.
• Among the Second International's famous actions were its 1889 declaration of 1 May (May Day) as International Workers' Day and its 1910 declaration of the International Women's Day, first celebrated on 19 March and then on 8 March after the main day of the women's marches in 1917 during the Russian Revolution.
• It initiated the international campaign for the eight-hour working day.

Thus, we can conclude that the international body formed by socialists was known as Second International.

Additional Information

• Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within the socialist tradition.
• First International (1864–1876), was an international organisation that aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, communist and anarchist groups and trade unions that were based on the working class and class struggle.
  • It was founded in 1864 in a workmen's meeting held in St. Martin's Hall, London. Its first congress was held in 1866 in Geneva.

The correct answer is PETA.

Concept:

• Many government and non-government organisations have been set to look after the welfare of animals.
• Some work at the international level, some at the national level and some at the regional level.

Explanation:

PETA:

• PETA stand for People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.
• It is an American nonprofit animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia.
• It was founded on 22 March 1980, Rockville, Maryland, United States.
• It is led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.
• It claims 6.5 million supporters. 
• Its motto is "Animals are not ours to experiment on, eat, wear, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way."

WHO:

• WHO stands for World Health Organization.
• It is a specialized agency of the United Nations.
• It is responsible for international public health.
• It has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.
• It was founded on 7th April 1948.
• Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus is the elected WHO Director-General for a five-year term starting in May 2017.
• The WHO Constitution, states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health". 

Red Cross:

• It is a part of The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.
• It is an international humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide.
• It is founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human suffering.
• The headquarters of the International Red Cross Committee is located in Geneva, Switzerland.
• It is the oldest, most respected and most known organisation.
• It has received three Nobel Peace Prizes in 1917, 1944, and 1963.

​Thus, the organization which is working for the welfare of animals is PETA.

UNDP is the United Nations Development Programme which is a United Nations organisation that helps countries eliminate poverty and increase human development and sustainable growth.

Important Points 

• The Human Development Index (HDI) was created to focus on the fact that people of a country and their level of well being should be the true criteria for assessing the health of a country as opposed to the only economic status which had been the norm for quite some time.
• HDI takes into consideration the health of life of people, knowledge of people and economic standard of people to create a composite index and is used by UNDP to assess countries.
• UNDP focuses on achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) for 125 member countries of the world like no poverty, zero hunger and combating HIV/AIDS.
•  The UNDP was founded in 1965 and it provides help to countries at the request of their government with the aim of building long-term self-sufficiency and prosperity

 Key Points

• The World Bank focuses more on the economic well being of countries of the world providing loans to governments of lower-income countries to aid their development. So HDI is not in their domain of expertise.
• International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international financial institution focusing on international financial crises and countries facing difficulty in paying their debts to different entities. Thus IMF too operates mostly in the economic forum and HDI is outside their purview.
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) is a part of the United Nations that focuses on world peace and improving cooperation between countries based on arts, culture, education and science. In that way, HDI is outside the purview of UNESCO as well.

UNDP is thus an UN organisation focusing on increasing human development and encouraging sustainable growth in the world and HDI is an index operated by them to assess the status of countries in their goal.

The correct answer is WTO.

Key Points

• GATT stands for General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
• It was established by a multilateral treaty of 23 countries in 1947.
• It was founded in the aftermath of World War II.
• The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
• The GATT was conceived at the 1947 United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment (UNCTE) when the International Trade Organization (ITO) was one of the concepts suggested.
• GATT is a legal agreement between many countries with the goal of promoting international trade by lowering or eliminating trade obstacles like tariffs and quotas.

Important Points

• In 1995, the World Trade Organization (WTO) was established.
• It is one of the world's newest organisations.
• The World Trade Organization's headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.
• WTO officially commenced operations on 1 January 1995.

Additional Information

• The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a UN organisation tasked with promoting social and economic fairness by establishing international labour standards.
  • The headquarters of the ILO is located in Geneva, Switzerland.
• The United Nations Economic and Social Council(ECOSOC) is one of the UN's six main organs, in charge of overseeing the organization's economic and social activities.
  • The headquarters of the ECOSOC is located in New York City and Geneva.
• The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is an intergovernmental organisation whose mission is to promote developing countries' interests in global trade.
  • The headquarters of UNCTAD is located in Geneva, Switzerland.

The correct answer is International Monetary Fund.

Key Points

• International Monetary Fund (IMF) is one of the biggest moneylenders for any country.
• It has 190 members states and all of them do not have equal voting rights.
• The vote of each country is weighted by how much money it has contributed to the IMF.
• More than 40% of the voting power in IMF is in the hands of only seven countries (US, Japan, Germany, France, UK, Italy).
• The remaining have very little say in how these international organisations take decisions.

 Thus, we can say that one of the biggest moneylenders for any country is the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

The correct answer is Afghanistan.

Key Points

• Shanghai Cooperation Organisation:
  • ​SCO is a permanent intergovernmental international organisation.
  • It’s a Eurasian political, economic and military organisation aiming to maintain peace, security and stability in the region.
  • It was created in 2001.
  • India and Pakistan became members in 2017. 
  • The SCO Charter was signed in 2002 and entered into force in 2003.
  • It is a statutory document that outlines the organisation's goals and principles, as well as its structure and core activities.
  • The SCO's official languages are Russian and Chinese. 
  • The SCO Secretariat based in Beijing. 
  • Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) is a permanent organ of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). Its objective is to help members states fight combat, extremism, terrorism and separatism. The Head of RATs is elected for a three-year term. All the member’s states also have their own representatives at RATS. 

Additional Information

• The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is an intergovernmental organization founded in Shanghai on 15 June 2001.
• The SCO currently comprises eight Member States (China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan), four Observer States interested in acceding to full membership (Afghanistan, Belarus, Iran, and Mongolia), and six “Dialogue Partners” (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Turkey).
• In 2021, the decision was made to start the accession process of Iran to the SCO as a full member, and Egypt, Qatar as well as Saudi Arabia became dialogue partners.