Agriculture Test - 1

Octamer of histone proteins structures are present in core particle of nucleosome.

The nucleosome core particle consists of fourteen turns of B-form DNA around an octamer of histone proteins. The octamer contains two copies each of four different proteins: H\(2\)A, H\(2\)B, H\(3\), and H\(4\). One can think of this arrangement as the dimerization of tetramers.

The arrangement, in which flagella are distributed all round the bacterial cell, is known asperitrichous.

Flagellum is singular while flagella are plural which is frequently used for locomotion. A flagellate could also be a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella.peritrichous having a spiral line of modified cilia around the cytostome peritrichous protozoans.

Chinkarabreeding centre is located at Bhiwani district of Haryana.

Spacing recommended for cheroot tobacco is\(60 × 45\) that is \(36,730\) plants/ha.The cheroot is a filterless cylindrical cigar with both ends clipped during manufacture. Since cheroots do not taper, they are inexpensive to roll mechanically, and their low cost makes them popular.The distance between the rows and between the plants within a row varies with the type of tobacco. A spacing of\(60 × 45\) cm is required because of its long and flat pointed leaves.

Effective rainfall is a total fraction of rainfall that water used in crop production.

Dastane has defined effective rainfall as "that portion of the total annual or seasonal rainfall which is useful directly or indirectly for meeting the crop water needs in crop production at the site where it falls but without pumping". In simplest terms, effective rainfall means useful or utilizable rainfall for crop production. The rainfall which is utilised by crops especially for evapotranspiration can be called effective rainfall.

The National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources was set up in the year 1984 in the city of Bangalore initially.

Later, in July 1985, the institute was shifted to Karnal, Haryana.

The establishment of the institute was approved in the 4th Five Year Plan and it comes under the aegis of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR).

The objective of this Institute is to conduct systematic surveys to characterize, farm livestock and poultry genetic resources along with establishing their National Data Base, to design methodologies for ex situ conservation and in situ management of farm animal genetic resources, to undertake studies on genetic characterization using modern biological techniques, to conduct training programs as related to the evaluation of animal genetic resources.

Double toned milk is obtained by adding skimmed milk powder to whole milk and has about \(1.5 \%\) fat content. Double toned milk is ideal for those trying to maintain weight as it keeps the calorie intake under control and also helps in weight loss. Double toned milk contains as low as \(1.5 \%\) fat.

Protandry is the main reason for carrot as cross pollinated crop.

Closed anther mutants and types with unrolled stamen filaments have been observed. This type of functional male sterility is useful in hybrid seed production. This phenomenon of protandry is also responsible for cross- pollination. Over \(95\%\) of cross pollination has been observed in carrot.

The most common curing process is known as flue-curing. Used mainly in the manufacture of cigarettes, the most common type of flue-cured tobacco is Virginia. This tobacco is also known as 'bright tobacco' because the heat-drying process gives the leaves a bright, golden colour.

Recombinant DNA construction involves cleaving DNA with a restriction endonuclease and joining with ligase.

Restriction enzymes cut the plasmid vector, which is subsequently joined to the cloning vector by DNA ligase.

DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments together into a single DNA molecule. Helicase opens up the DNA at the replication fork. Single-strand binding proteins coat the DNA around the replication fork to prevent rewinding of the DNA.