Biology Test - 28

Photosensitive receptors in plants that sense blue light are called cryptochromes.

Cryptochromes are a class of flavoproteins that are sensitive to blue light. They are found in plants and animals. Cryptochromes are involved in the circadian rhythms of plants and animals, and possibly also in the sensing of magnetic fields in a number of species.

Escherichia is used in production of insulin by genetic engineering.

The development in the field of genetic engineering allowed the production of insulin in E.coli and yeast, which have been approved for therapeutic applications in human by FDA.

Rauwolfia serpentinais an alkaloid first isolated from Rauwolfia serpentina and was widely used as an antihypertensive drug. Asparagus officinalis is Shatavari or a vegetable. Emblica officinalis is Indian Gooseberry or Amla in Hindi; Helianthus annuus is Sunflower.

It is native to the Indian subcontinent and East Asia (from India to Indonesia).

The correct answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4.

1. Satellite-based secure communications
2. Long-distance secure communications
3. Magnetometers
4. Superconductors

Eudragits are phthalate polymers.

Eudragit NE 30 D and Eudragit NM 30 D are polymethacrylate-based coating systems used for sustained release. They are a latex dispersion of a neutral polymer produced by emulsion polymerization of ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.

Type IV dissolution apparatus as per USP is flow-through cell.

The flow-through cell apparatus which is described as Apparatus IV in the USP has gained recent acceptance into the dissolution world for its versatility in the testing of novel dosage forms where traditional dissolution apparatus.

The DNA double strands are present as a double-helix as they wound around each another. Due to base stacking, alternative minor and major grooves are formed in the helix. Major groove provide the site for DNA protein binding.

Predator and prey evolve together. The prey is part of the predator's environment, and the predator dies if it does to get food, so it evolves whatever is necessary in order to eat the prey. Likewise, the predator is part of the prey's environment, and the prey dies if it is eaten by the predator, so it evolves whatever is necessary to avoid being eaten. So, predators cannot lead to the extinction of prey species.
Nicotine is an alkaloid found in the night shade family of plants (Solanaceae) that constitutes approximately 0.6−3.0% of dry weight of tobacco, with biosynthesis taking place in the roots and accumulation occurring in the leaves. Strychnine is an alkaloid plant toxin extracted chiefly from Nux vomica; formerly used as a stimulant. These are not metabolic disorder products but are metabolic wastes.

A gram-negative diplococcus associated with urinary tract infection, pelvic inflammatory disease and conjunctivitis, meningitis isNeissria gonorrhoeae.

The genus Neisseria is named after the German bacteriologist Albert Neisser, who discovered Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the pathogen that causes the human disease gonorrhea in 1879. Later, in 1887 Weichselbaun isolated meningococcus from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient. Meningococcus spreads through the exchange of respiratory and throat secretions like spit (e.g. by living in close quarters, kissing). Antimicrobial agents, as well as vaccines both, are available to save a life from these bacterial infections.

The first vaccine was discovered byEdward Jenner.

Edward Jenner is considered the founder of vaccinology in the West in 1796, after he inoculated a 13 year-old-boy with vaccinia virus (cowpox), and demonstrated immunity to smallpox. In 1798, the first smallpox vaccine was developed.