Excretory Products and their Elimination Test

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test - 5

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
4 / -1

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A
ADH helps in water elimination making urine hypotonic.

B
Protein free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman's capsule.

C
Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.

D
Henle's loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine.

Solution

ADH helps in water reabsorption in DCT and collecting duct making urine hypertonic. ADH is secreted by hypothalamus and released into the blood from the posterior lobe of pituitary gland. ADH is stimulated to be released when osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect an increase in the osmolarity of theblood above 300 mosmL^-1.
Question 2
4 / -1

Which of the following sequences is correct regarding regulation of kidney function?

A
An excess loss of water from body → Hypothalamus → Osmoreceptors → Neurohypophysis → ADH → increases water permeability of DCT and CT → Prevention of diuresis

B
An excess loss of fluid from body → Osmoreceptors → Hypothalamus → Neurohypophysis → ADH → Increases water permeability of DCT and CT → Prevetion of diuresis

C
An excess loss of fluid from body → Osmoreceptors → Hypothalamus → Neurohypophysis → Aldosterone → Water permeability of DCT and CT increases → Prevetion of diuresis

D
An excess loss of fluid from body → Osmoreceptor → Hypothalamus → Adenohypophysis → ADH → Increases water permeability of DCT and CT → Prevention of diuresis

Solution

Changes in blood volume, body fluid volume and ionic concentration activate the osmoreceptors in the body. These receptors further stimulate the hypothalamus to release ADH From the neurohypophysis. ADH increases water reabsorption from DCT and CT, thereby preventing diuresis.
Question 3
4 / -1

Which of the following sequences is correct?

A
An increase in body fluid volume → Swhich off the osmoreceptors → Suppresses the ADH release

B
ADH → Constricting effect on blood vessel → B.P. high → Glomerular blood flow more → GFR more

C
Angiotensinogen → Angiotensin I → Angiotensin II → Adrenal cortex → Aldosterone

D
All of these

Solution

An increase in body fluid volume can switch off the osmoreceptors present in the body which further suppresses the release of ADH from neurohypophysis. ADH affects the Kidney function by its constricting effects on blood vessels. This will increase the blood pressure and an increase in blood pressure will increase the glomerular blood flow and thereby the GFR. A fall in GFR activates the JG cells to release renin which converts angiotensinogen in blood to angiotensin I which is further convert to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldesterone.
Question 4
4 / -1

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation?

A
When someone drinks lot of water, ADH release is suppressed.

B
Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release.

C
An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of angiotensin II.

D
During summer when body loses lot of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is suppressed.

Solution

When someone drinks lot of water, the volume of bod fluid increases, thic switches off the osmoreceptors in the body and suppresses the ADH release.
Question 5
4 / -1

The reabsorption of the sodium from glomerular filtrate is regulated by the hormone _____________.

A
Glucagon

B
Secretin

C
Aldosterone

D
Adrenaline

Solution

Aldosterone is secreted by the outer layer of the adrenal gland. When aldosterone is present in the blood, all the Na⁺ in the filtrate is reabsorbed b the epithelial cells of DCT and collecting duct. Retaining Na⁺ raises the osmotic pressure of the blood and reduces water loss from the body.