Locomotion and Movement Test - 4

Pivot joint allows only a rotatory movement of one bone on the other, which remains stationary. A rounded end of one bone fits into a shallow pit of another bone. E.g., joint between atlas and axis vertebrae which enables the head to turn from side to side.

Fibrous joint is present between the human skull bones. It does not allow movement because the bones are held firmly together by bundles of strong white collagen fibres.

The gliding joint allows sliding movements of two bones over each other. The joint between zygapophyses of successive vertebrae is of this type.

The joint of radio-ulna with the upper arm is a hinge joint. This joint allows the movement only in a single plane.

In a ball and socket joint, a ball like structure o bone fits into a socket like structure of another bone between acetabulum (cotyloid cavity) of pelvic girdle (hip girdle) and head of femur is an example of ball and socker joint.

Joints between carpal bones are gliding joints. A gliding joint is a type of synovial joint whose articular surface is usually flat, permitting only back-and-forth and side-to-side movements.

Only tibia connects to the femur to form the knee joint with the patella. Shoulder joint is of ball-and-socket type and elbow joint is a hinge joint.

Parietal bone and temporal bone of the skull are joined by fibrous joint (immovable joint). First cervical vertebra is atlas. The last two pairs (11^th and 12^th) of ribs are called flothing ribs. Glenoid cavity is a depression to which humaerus articulates.

Pivot joint — between atlas and axis.
Saddle joint — between carpal and metacarpal.

In slightly movable or cartilaginous joints, the opposing surfaces are conneted by cartilage, which allows very little movement. Another example is joints between adjacent vertebrae.