Plant Kingdom Test - 5

A - Gametophytic generation (n)
B - Sporophytic generation (2n)

Pteridophytes are vascular cryptogams. They are the first vascular land plants.

In gymnosperms, pteridophytes and angiosperms, the sporophytic phase is dominant and the gametophytic phase is dependent on sporophyte.

In angiosperms functional megaspore developes into embryo sac. Embryo sac formation is preceded by meiosis, so all the cells of embryo sac haploid.

(A) Pteris - Pteridophyte
(B) Cedrus - Gymnosperm
(C) Sonchus - Angiosperm
(D) Marchantia - Bryophyte

Smallest angiosperm is Wolffia microscopici, while Raffesla amoldii is the parasitic plant with world's largest flower,

Double fertilization is a process unique to flowering plants in which two male gamete nuclei, which have travelled down in the pollen tube separately fuse with different female nuclei in the embryo sac. The first male nucleus fuses with egg cell to form the zygote, the second male nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei or secondary nucleus to form a triploid nucleus that develops into the endosperm.

Zoomed in portions of leaves show parallel venation in plant A, a characteristic of Monocotyledonae except for a few and reticulate venation in plant B, a characteristic of dicotyledonae.

Bnetum resembles with the gymnosperms on one hand and theangiosperms on the other.
Resemblace with the gymnosperms:
(i)Ovary is absent and ovules are naked
(ii) Style and stigma are absent. 
(iii) Pollination is anemophilous.
(iv) Fruits are not formed
Resemblace with the angiosperms:
(i) In general habit it is climber as tree-like.
(ii) Leaves are broad, green and with reticulate venation.
(iii) Archegonia are latogether absent in the female gametophyte.
(iv) Absence of free nuclear divisions in the embryo sac.
(v) Endosperm completes its development after the fertilization.
(vi) Xylem vessels are present.

• Capsule: A Capsule is the most common fruit type. A Capsule is a dry fruit which splits open to release the seeds. These plants all have fruit capsules, Cotton of Solanaceae, Eucalyptus, Horse Chestnut, Jimson Weed, Mahogany, Witch Hazel.
• Berry: A Berry is a single fleshy fruit without a stone, usually containing a number of seeds. This is a Kiwi Fruit (Actinidia chinensis). Other fruits of this type are Banana, Coffee, Currant, Passionfruit, Pepper, Tomato (Solanaceae). Fruit in members of Solanaceae are not drupe, siliqua and achene.