Morphology of Flowering Plants Test - 1

Moniliform or beaded roots are fleshy adventitious roots which are swollen at regular intervals like beads of a necklace, e.g., Basella rubra (Indian spinach), Momordica some grasses.

The edible part of sweet potato is adventitious fleshy root which is called as tuberous root or single root ruber. Due to storage of food, the adventitious roots become thick and fleshy. In sweet potato, the swoolen roots do not assume any shape but occur singly. Very fine secondary roots occur all over the tuber.

Fasciculated fleshy roots are modified adventitious roots, in which swollen roots or root tubers occur in clusters from lower nodes of stem example, Dahlia and Asparagus. In Curcuma, nodulose roots are found where the swelling occur only near the tips.

Part  A is the root hair zone which represents the zone of differentiation or maturation. This is the most suitable part for anatomical studies of root because different types of primary tissues differentiate or mature in this region. Xylem, phloem, pericycle, endodermis, cortex and epilema are clearly visible in this region.

Taproot becomes swollen and fleshy with the stored food. Depending upon the shape these fleshy taproots are of four types:

• Conical: It resembles like a cone i.e., thickest towards the base and gradually tapering apex. E.g. Daucus carota.
• Fusiform: It is like a spindle i.e., thickened roughly in the middle and narrow towards both its base and apex, e.g. Raphanus sativus.
• Napiform: It is very thick at the base and is almost spherical. It suddenly thins out towards the apex, e.g. Brassica rapa.
• Tuberous: They are thick and fleshy tubers with an irregular shape, e.g. Mirabilis jalapa.

So, the correct answer is A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(i), D-(iv).

Aerial or epiphytic roots hang down in air, they do not possess root caps and root hair instead they possess a covering of dead spongy tissue called velamen.

Given figure represents tap roots system Lateral branches of the roots develop from interior (usually pericycle) of the parent root. Such an origin is called endogenous.

Given figure is of fasciculated root, which is the modified adventitious root that stores food material.

Stilt roots are aerial adventitious roots which grow obliquely downwards from basal nodes of the main stem and fix firmly to the soil. Such supporting roots are found in plants growing near banks of rivers, ponds etc.
Example: Maize (Zea mays), Red Mangrove (Rhizophora mangal)
So, the correct option is 'Zea mays, Rhizophora mangal'.

Protecting the root apical meristem allows for primary growth in the root, which paves the way for lengthening of the plant as well as cell specialization. Like a hard hat for the root tip, the root cap is a thimble-shaped structure that protects delicate, actively dividing cells.