Excretory Products and their Elimination Test

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test - 12

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Question 1
1 / -0

Urinary bladder helps to :

A
stores urine for reabsorbing water from it

B
concentrate urea in urine

C
detoxify excess urine

D
void urine when desired

Solution

The urine formed by filtration of blood by kidney is stored in urinary bladder temporarily. Urinary bladder helps to void urine when disered.
Question 2
1 / -0

Counter current mechanism :

i. It operates in all vertebrates.
ii. It produces hypertonic urine.

A
Statement i) is correct and ii) is wrong.

B
both are correct

C
Statement i) is wrong and ii) is correct.

D
both are wrong

Solution

Counter current mechanism operates in mammals but not in all vertebrates. Due to counter current mechanism it produces hypertonic urine, highly concentrated.
Question 3
1 / -0

Diabetes insipidus is caused due to :

A
increased secretion of ADH

B
Hypotension

C
reduced secretion of ADH

D
impaired urea cycle

Solution

Diabetes insipidus is rate variety of diabetes characterized by excessive thrust and excretion of large amount of urine. It is caused due to reduced secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin hormone.
Question 4
1 / -0

The part of a nephron which adds some material to the filtrate is :

A
Bowman’s capsule

B
Loop of Henle

C
Proximal convoluted tubule

D
Distal convoluted tubule

Solution

The correct option is Option D.
The Distal Convoluted Tubule regulates pH by absorbing bicarbonate and secreting protons (H+) into the filtrate, or by absorbing protons and secreting bicarbonate into the filtrate. Sodium and potassium levels are controlled by secreting K+ and absorbing Na+. Sodium absorption by the distal tubule is mediated by the hormone aldosterone.
Question 5
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Read the following statements about urine formation :

i. ultrafiltration doesn’t need any energy expenditure by kidney cells.
ii. selective reabsorption of glucose, water, urea, hormones, amino acids etc takes place through passive transport.
iii. PCT cells have many microvilli along with few mitochondria since most of nutrients are absorbed passively.

A
only statement ii) and iii) are correct.

B
only statement ii) is correct.

C
only statement i) is correct.

D
all statements are correct.

Solution

During urine formation, ultra filtration takes place in which energy is not required by cells of kidney. Selective reabsorption of glucose , water, salt etc. occurs actively and proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) do not have microvilli.
Question 6
1 / -0

Rahul is anaemic and few days ago suffered from massive haemorrhage. Now what problems he may face :

A
accumulation of waste products in body

B
very low blood pressure

C
no glomerular filteration

D
all of the following

Solution

If anemic person suffered from massive haemorrhage, the problem he may face includes, very low blood pressure, accumulation of wastes products in body and no glomerular filtration in kidney.
Question 7
1 / -0

In which part of nephron, reabsorption of glucose is maximum from filtrate?

A
Henle’s loop

B
Distal convoluted tubule

C
seminiferous tubules

D
Proximal convoluted tubule

Solution

Sodium reabsorption occurs through tubular reabsorption in proximal and distal convoluted tubules only. The proximal convoluted tubule is involved in active reabsorption of sodium into the peritubular capillary network and passive flow of water flows. It accounts for 67% of sodium reabsorption. DCT reabsorption of sodium is also an active process but is under hormonal regulation i.e., conditional response.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Question 8
1 / -0

If in glomerular capillaries, pressure of blood is 75 mm Hg, osmotic pressure of plasma proteins is 30 mm Hg, and hydrostatic pressure of fluid in renal tubule is 25 mm Hg then net force or the filtration pressure will be calculated as :

A
75 + [ 30 – 20 ] mm Hg

B
75 – [ 30 + 20 ] mm Hg

C
75 – [ 30 – 20 ] mm Hg

D
75 + [ 30+20 ] mm Hg

Solution

Net force of filtration pressure is equal to the blood pressure of glomerular capillaries minus sum of the osmotic pressure of plasma and hydrostatic pressure of fluid in renal tubule. So, filtration pressure = 75 – [ 30 + 20 ] mm Hg.
Question 9
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Reema is on dialysis and she is unable to conceive due to high levels of waste products in her body fluids. Her doctor can suggest her

A
Laser therapy

B
Operation of damaged kidney

C
more frequent hemodialysis

D
Kidney transplant

Solution

When both and kidney of a person get damaged and not able to filter the blood, dialysis is used to remove nitrogenous wastes. High wastes accumulation unable a woman to conceive. The ultimate solution to this problem is kidney transplant.
Question 10
1 / -0

Vasa recta is absent or reduced in:

A
PCT

B
Juxtamedullary nephrons

C
Cortical nephrons

D
Bowman’s capsule

Solution

Vasa recta is absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons.
Question 11
1 / -0

The hormone with enzymatic action which catalyses conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin is :

A
ANF

B
Renin

C
JFA

D
Aldosterone

Solution

A fall in glomerular blood flow/glomerular blood pressure/GFR can activate the JG cells to releasereninwhich converts angiotensinogen in blood to angiotensin I and further to angiotensin II.
Question 12
1 / -0

People with chronic kidney disease are usually affected by anemia. It happens because damaged kidney doesn’t secrete sufficient :

A
Erythropoietin

B
Angiotensin I

C
Atrial natriuretic factor

D
Angiotensin II

Solution

The person suffering from chronic kidney disease are usually affected by anemia. The damage kidney is not able to secrete sufficient erythropoietin in blood that help in absorption of iron.
Question 13
1 / -0

Towards the centre of the inner concave surface of the kidney is a notchcalled:

A
Medulla

B
Hilum

C
Cortex

D
Calyces

Solution

Towards the centre of the inner concave surface of the kidney is a notch called hilum through which ureter, blood vessels and nerves enter.
Question 14
1 / -0

Vasopressin is a hormone involved in regulation of urine formation. It is secreted from :

A
Kidney JGA

B
Hypothalamus

C
adenohypohysis

D
neurohypophysis

Solution

An excessive loss of fluid from the body can activate these receptors which stimulate the hypothalamus to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin from the neurohypophysis.
Question 15
1 / -0

Match the kidney disorders and its symptoms :

A
a)-iv, b)-i, c)-iii, d)-ii

B
a)-iii, b)-i, c)-iv, d)-ii

C
a)-iii, b)-ii, c)-iv, d)-i

D
a)-iv, b)-ii, c)-iv, d)-i

Solution

Ketosis is the presence of actoacetic acid in urine, polydipsia is the condition of frequent thrist, alkaptonuria is the presence of homogentisic acid in urine and haematuria is the presence of blood in urine.
Question 16
1 / -0

Which blood vessel takes blood away from the kidney?

A
Renal portal vein

B
Renal vein

C
Afferent arteriole

D
Efferent arteriole

Solution

The renal vein takes blood away from the kidney. The process starts with renal artery which enters the kidney as afferent arteriole. It carries the urea loaded blood into the glomerulus of the kidney. The blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule and runs parallel to the loop of Henle. The urea is absorbed into the nephric filtrate by the process of tubular secretion in the loop of Henle, distal convulated tubule and collecting duct. The process of tubular secretion helps to secrete the urea from the blood to the collecting duct which is finally excreted in form of urine. The purified blood comes from the kidney through the renal vein and drained into vena cava outside kidney.
So, the correct answer is 'Renal vein'.
Question 17
1 / -0

The basic functional unit of human kidney is

A
Henle’s loop

B
Nephron

C
Nephridia

D
Pyramid
Question 18
1 / -0

Dev consumes large amount of alcohol and result is polyuria and dehydration due to :

A
decrease in the level of aldosterone

B
decrease in the level of vasopressin

C
decrease in the level of ANF

D
increase in the level of vasopressin

Solution

A person consuming large quantity of alcohol may develop polyuria, excessive production of urea and suffer from dehydration due to decrease in level of antiduretic hormone or vasopressin.
Question 19
1 / -0

In human excretory system :

i. kidneys and ureters are paired structures but urinary bladder is single.
ii. Kidneys are situated between the levels of last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra.

A
both are wrong

B
Statement ii) is wrong and i) is correct.

C
both are correct

D
Statement i) is correct and ii) is wrong.

Solution

The excretory system in human consistsof a pair of kidneys, one pair of ureters, aurinary bladder and a urethra. Kidneys are reddish brown, bean shaped structures situated between the levels of last thoracic and third lumbarvertebra close to the dorsal inner wall of the abdominal cavity.
Question 20
1 / -0

Read the following about renal threshold :

i. The renal threshold of glucose is 180 mg/100ml of blood.
ii. If blood level of glucose exceeds 180mg, it leads to diabetes insipidus.
iii. If blood level of glucose exceeds 180mg, it leads to diabetes mellitus.

A
only statement i) is correct.

B
all statements are wrong.

C
only statement i) and ii) are correct.

D
only statement i) and iii) are correct

Solution

The correct option is Option A.
Renal threshold of a substance is its highest concentration in the blood, upto which it is totally reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate. Renal threshold of glucose is about 180 mg per 100 ml. It is totally reabsorbed and does not appear in the urine so long as its blood level does not exceed 180 mg. But when its blood level exceeds 180 mg, some of the filtered glucose is left unabsorbed in the tubules and consequently appears in the urine. Some substances which are either totally reabsorbed actively or most of their amounts are reabsorbed actively are called high threshold substances. High threshold substances are excreted in the urine only when their blood concentration is considerably high, for example glucose and amino acids.
Glycosuria is typically caused by an underlying condition that affects your blood sugar level, such as diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the most common cause of glycosuria. If you have this condition, your body's insulin doesn't work properly in one of two ways.

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test - 12

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test - 12

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

stores urine for reabsorbing water from it

concentrate urea in urine

detoxify excess urine

void urine when desired

Solution

Question 2

Statement i) is correct and ii) is wrong.

both are correct

Statement i) is wrong and ii) is correct.

both are wrong

Solution

Question 3

increased secretion of ADH

Hypotension

reduced secretion of ADH

impaired urea cycle

Solution

Question 4

Bowman’s capsule

Loop of Henle

Proximal convoluted tubule

Distal convoluted tubule

Solution

Question 5

only statement ii) and iii) are correct.

only statement ii) is correct.

only statement i) is correct.

all statements are correct.

Solution

Question 6

accumulation of waste products in body

very low blood pressure

no glomerular filteration

all of the following

Solution

Question 7

Henle’s loop

Distal convoluted tubule

seminiferous tubules

Proximal convoluted tubule

Solution

Question 8

75 + [ 30 – 20 ] mm Hg

75 – [ 30 + 20 ] mm Hg

75 – [ 30 – 20 ] mm Hg

75 + [ 30+20 ] mm Hg

Solution

Question 9

Laser therapy

Operation of damaged kidney

more frequent hemodialysis

Kidney transplant

Solution

Question 10

PCT

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Cortical nephrons

Bowman’s capsule

Solution

Question 11

ANF

Renin

JFA

Aldosterone

Solution

Question 12

Erythropoietin

Angiotensin I

Atrial natriuretic factor

Angiotensin II

Solution