Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 2

Azolla pinnata is a small free floating freshwater fern, widely used as a biofertiliser in Indian rice fields.

Activated sludge process deals with the treatment of sewage and industrial waste waters. Sediment in settlement tanks of sewage treatment plant is a rich source of aerobic bacteria because small amounts are used as inoculum in secondary treatment of sewage. Biogas is primarily methane with some carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and traces of other gases.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a common yeast which produces ethanol. Whereas, Acetobacter aceti produces acetic acid, Methanobacterium produces methane and Penicillium notatum produces penicillin.

Aspergillus niger is the microorganism (fungi) used for the production of citric acid in industries. It is an antioxidant and pH adjuster in many foods.

Lactobacillus species or lactic acid bacteria are used in curd formation from milk. They are important household bacteria, which show the property called antagonism.

Acetobacter suboxydans is the preferred organism for the production of ascorbic acid. It is a gram-negative bacteria of the order rhodospirillum.

In reaction catalysed by alcohol dehydrogenase, electrons from NADH are used to reduce acetaldehyde to ethanol; acetaldehyde is the ultimate electron acceptor.

Beet molasses is used in Assam and Himachal Pradesh where sugar is prepared from beet. It is deficient in biotin. Thus, biotin is required to be added exogenously.

During baker's yeast production, large amount of heat is produced and biotin is added to the fermentation medium as a growth promoter

Penicillin G is prepared using cottonseed flour as the carbon source because it contains a high quality of phenylacetic acid, which is the side chain of penicillin G.